1. SYNTAX Sentence Structure
The sequence and connection of the words, phrases, and clauses that constitute sentences.

2. Syntax Terms Subject Predicate Simple Subject Simple Predicate
Independent Clause
Dependent (Sub) Clause
Phrase
Fragment
Appositive
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Coordinating Conjunction
Subordinating Conjunction

3. Contains a subject and a predicate
A Sentence
Contains a subject and a predicate
Can stand alone as a grammatical unit
Also called an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
The boy drove to the store.

4. Tells who or what the sentence is about
Subject
Tells who or what the sentence is about
Consists of the simple subject and all of its modifiers.
The boy drove to the store.

5. The part of the sentence performed by or describes the subject.
Predicate
The part of the sentence performed by or describes the subject.
Consists of the verb and all of its modifiers, objects, and complements.
The boy drove to the store.

6. A noun or pronoun completing or receiving the action.
Simple Subject
A noun or pronoun completing or receiving the action.
The boy drove to the store.

7. Only the verb completed by the simple subject
Simple Predicate
Only the verb completed by the simple subject
The boy drove to the store.

8. Another word for COMPLETE SENTENCE Consists of a SUBJECT and PREDICATE
Independent Clause
Another word for COMPLETE SENTENCE
Consists of a SUBJECT and PREDICATE
Contains a complete thought
The boy drove to the store.

9. Dependent (Subordinate) Clause
A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate, but cannot stand alone.
It does not make sense on its own.
Whenever he drove the car

10. Phrase
A group of words that lacks a subject, a predicate or both.
Screaming like a banshee – missing a subject
The tallest man – missing a predicate
After midnight – missing both

11. Fragment
A sentence that lacks a subject, a predicate or both and is punctuated at its end.
Screaming like a banshee. – missing a subject
The tallest man. – missing a predicate
After midnight. – missing both

12. Appositive
A noun or noun phrase that describes a nearby noun or pronoun.
Set off by commas.
Mark, the smartest kid in the class, attended Harvard after high school.
The smartest kid in the class, Mark, attended Harvard after high school.
The only student to attend Harvard was Mark, the smartest kid in the class.

13. Simple Sentence Consists of ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Can have phrases
The boy drove to the store.
The woman walked along the beach.
Over the rainbow and through the woods to grandmother’s house we go.

14. Coordinating Conjunction
Coordinating conjunctions join
single words
groups of words
always join similar elements
subject+subject
verb phrase+verb phrase
sentence+sentence.
When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element.
FANBOYS – For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

15. Subordinating Conjunction
The largest class of conjunctions
Connect subordinate clauses to a main clause.
These conjunctions are adverbs used as conjunctions.
After, how, till, although, if, unless, as, inasmuch,  until,
as if, in order, when, as long as, lest, whenever,
as much as, now that, where, as soon as, wherever,
as though, since, while, because, so that, before, than,
even if, that, even though, though

16. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunctions also connect sentence elements of the same kind (like Coordinating Conjunctions)
Unlike coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs.
both...and
not only...but also
either...or
neither...nor
whether...or

17. Compound Sentence Contains MORE THAN ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Contains NO DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) CLAUSES
May be linked together with
A SEMI-COLON ;
A FANBOYS Coordinating Conjunction
FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO
The boy drove to the store, and his brother stayed at home.
The woman walked along the beach, but Lilly drove her dune buggy.
She always completes her homework, so she always gets the highest grades in class.

18. Complex Sentence
Contains an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE and one or more DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) CLAUSES
Can occur in the following order:
IND CLAUSE then DEP CLAUSE Or
DEP CLAUSE then IND CLAUSE
Joined together by either a COORDINATING CONJUNCTION, SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION or CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION

19. Complex Sentence Continued
Dependent (Sub) Clause first = USE COMMA
Independent Clause first = NO COMMA
After the boy drove to the store, he watched the football game.
The boy watched the football game after he drove to the store.
Whenever the woman walked along beach, her dog would bark uncontrollably.
Her dog would bark uncontrollably whenever the woman walked along the beach.