1. Linguistic Representation of Finnish in the Medical Domain Spoken Language Translation System Marianne Santaholma, University of Geneva, TIM/ISSCO

2. Outline MedSLT system overview MedSLT Finnish language resources: Corpora Generation grammar Lexicon Interlingua Finnish mapping rules Initial evaluation results Summary

3. MedSLT system (1) Open source medical domain SLT system Diagnosis tool for doctors One-way dialog Multilingual Coverage: medical sub-domains Architecture: based on general linguistic resources

4. Speech Platform Interface ProcessTranslation Server Unification Grammar Database Recognition Package Nuance Voice Platform (recognition, playback) Application Specific Data Regulus Runtime Time System RegulusCompile Time Component Generation Grammar

5. Outline MedSLT Finnish language resources: Corpora Generation grammar Lexicon Interlingua Finnish mapping rules Initial evaluation results Summary

6. Finnish corpora (1) Headache and chest pain sub-domains Created by translating the original English corpora Serve as the primary source to decide what kind of structure rules and vocabulary necessary to introduce into Finnish language module

7. Finnish corpora (2) Concepts covered frequency of pain, duration of pain, location of pain etc Examples Do you have headaches in the morning? In the evening? Is your headache stubbing? severe? Are your headaches caused by coffee? By cheese?

8. Outline MedSLT Finnish language resources: Corpora Generation grammar Lexicon Interlingua Finnish mapping rules Initial evaluation results Summary

9. FIN generation grammar (1) Specialized grammar for spoken language Reflects the specific text type and discourse of the domain 57 grammar rules Unification formalism Developed on the Regulus platform https://sourceforge.net/projects/regulushttps://sourceforge.net/projects/regulus/

10. FIN generation grammar (2) FIN grammar developed by manual grammar adaptation from the Regulus general English grammar  The Finnish structure rules highly similar to English counterparts  In Finnish more phenomena resolved at morphology level rather than syntax (Rayner et al., 2000. Spoken Language Translator)

11. FIN generation grammar (2) 'How frequent are your headaches?' s:[sem= @fronting_sem(Adj, S), wh=y\/rel, wh=Wh, vform=VForm, inv=Inv, whmoved=y, takes_adv_type=none, gapsin=null, gapsout=null] --> adjp:[sem=Adj, wh=Wh, adjpos=pred, gapsin=null, gapsout=null], s:[sem=S, wh=n, vform=VForm, inv=Inv, whmoved=n, gapsin=adjp_gap, gapsout=null]. 'Kuinka yleisiä päänsärkynne ovat?’ *how frequent your_headaches are?' s:[sem= @fronting_sem(Adj, S), wh=y, inv=n, vform=inf, whmoved=y, takes_adv_type=none, gapsin=null, gapsout=null] --> adjp:[sem=Adj, wh=y, agr=Agr, adj_pos=pred, adj_case=Case, adj_degr=positive, gapsin=null, gapsout=null], s:[sem=S, wh=n, agr=Agr, vform=inf, inv=n, whmoved=n, gapsin=adjp_gap, gapsout=null].

12. Outline MedSLT Finnish language resources: Corpora Generation grammar Lexicon Interlingua Finnish mapping rules Initial evaluation results Summary

13. Finnish Lexicon (1) Domain specific ~ 530 lexical entries Difficulty: enumeration of all word forms Example: Lievittää, ‘to relieve’, question form, sg 3., present. verb:[sem=[[event, lievittää], [tense, present]], vform=q_ko, agr=sg, subcat=trans, subj_n_case=nom, subj_sem_n_type=(cause\/activity), obj_sem_n_type=perception_body, obj_case=ptv, takes_adv_type=frequency] --> lievittääkö.

14. Finnish Lexicon (2) Use of macros in lexical entries macro(noun_perception_body([SgNom, PlNom, SgPtv, PlPtv], Sem), (noun:[sem=[Sem], sem_n_type=perception_body, agr=sg, case=nom]--> SgNoun)). macro(noun_perception_body([SgNom, PlNom, SgPtv, PlPtv], Sem), (noun:[sem=[Sem], sem_n_type=perception_body, agr=pl, case=nom]--> PlNoun)). macro(noun_perception_body([SgNom, PlNom, SgPtv, PlPtv], Sem), (noun:[sem=[Sem], sem_n_type=perception_body, agr=sg, case=ptv]--> SgPtv)). macro(noun_perception_body([SgNom, PlNom, SgPtv, PlPtv], Sem), (noun:[sem=[Sem], sem_n_type=perception_body, agr=pl, case=ptv]--> PlPtv)). @noun_perception_body([s ä rky, s ä ryt, s ä rky ä, s ä rkyj ä ], [symptom, s ä rky]).

15. Outline MedSLT Finnish language resources: Corpora Generation grammar Lexicon Interlingua Finnish mapping rules Initial evaluation results Summary

16. Interlingua to FIN mapping MedSLT interlingua interlingua_constant([, ]) ‘interlingua_constant([symptom, headache])’ Interlingua mapping rules Transformation Source Interlingua Interlingua Target Two types of rules: Simple interlingua transfer_lexicon entries Complex interlingua transfer_rules

17. SOURCEINTERLINGUA TARGET ENG: Does the redwine make your headache worse? FIN: Pahentaako punaviini päänsärkyä? [[adj,worse], [cause,red_wine], [event,make_adj], [prep,subj], [secondary_symptom, headache], [spec,the_sing], [tense,present], [utterance_type,ynq], [voice, active]] [[sc,when], [clause, [[utterance_type,dcl], [pronoun,you], [tense,present], [voice,active], [action,drink], [cause,red_wine]]], [event,become_worse], [symptom,headache], [tense,present], [utterance_type,ynq], [voice,active]] [[cause,punaviini], [event,pahentaa], [symptom,päänsärky], [tense,present], [utterance_type,ynq]] transfer_rule([[sc,when], [clause, [[utterance_type,dcl], [pronoun,you], [tense,present], [voice,active], [action, drink], ECause]], [event, become_worse], [voice,active]], [[event, pahentaa], @efin_cause (ECause)]). transfer_lexicon([symptom, headache], [symptom, päänsärky]).

18. Outline MedSLT Finnish language resources: Corpora Generation grammar Lexicon Interlingua Finnish mapping rules Initial evaluation results Summary

19. Evaluation (1) Evaluation of Eng-Fin translation performance on headache sub-domain corpus of 870 utterances  Comparison with Eng-Fre translation performance Evaluation in two phases: 1. Judging of speech recognition: good vs. bad 2. Judging of translations: good/acceptable/bad

20. Evaluation (2)

21. Evaluation (3) Lexical gaps Example “Does the pain radiate to the neck?” (in coverage sentence) “Is the pain in the neck?” (not in coverage sentence). - Finnish ablative vs adessive case ‘kaulalle’ vs ‘kaulalla’

22. Summary Development of MedSLT Finnish language module by partly adapting the existing resources. English and Finnish grammar rules highly similar despite the differences between the languages Difficulty the Finnish rich morphology that however can be resolved for some degree by using macros in lexicon Initial evaluation of translation performance

23. References MedSLT http://sourceforge.net/projects/medslt/ http://www.issco.unige.ch/projects/medslt Regulus https://sourceforge.net/projects/regulushttps://sourceforge.net/projects/regulus/ http://www.issco.unige.ch/projects/regulus