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Technology and War A Quick Look at World War I

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Presentation on theme: "Technology and War A Quick Look at World War I"— Presentation transcript:

1 Technology and War A Quick Look at World War I

2 When, Where, Why, Who…Outcomes or So What Factor???
Where: Europe, Africa, The Middle East, Asia Why…a series of unfortunate decisions, events, and… Extreme Nationalism, Extreme Militarism, Extreme Imperialism and Alliances That Were a Result of the “Extremes” The Allied Powers vs. The Central Powers Outcomes…The “So What” Factor Politicians create wars, soldiers then must fight them! War is a failure of Statesmanship!

3 Key Players The Allied Powers Central Powers The Triple Entente
The Triple Alliance Italy Great Britain Germany France Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Ottoman Empire The United States

4 The Rulers George V Tsar Nicholas II Kaiser Wilhelm
House of Battenburg (Mountbatten) Tsar Nicholas II Romanov Kaiser Wilhelm Hohenzollern Franz Joseph II Habsburg Mehmed V

5 Key Theories on War Von Clausewitz Sun Tzu Jomini
All war is based on deception Move around the enemy’s strengths If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle. War is a science Employ maximum combat power to defeat the enemy’s strength Logistics is the practiced art of moving armies The Fog of War The Seething Cauldron of Fire The Center of Gravity The Operational Art of War

6 The Plans

7 New Technologies On Land
Improved Artillery Aviation Electronic Communications Armored Warfare (Tanks) Poison Gas Machine Guns and Automatic Weapons Modern Logistics???

8 New Technologies

9 Poison Gas Chlorine Phosgene Mustard

10 Communications

11 Artillery

12 Armor and Cavalry

13 Aircraft in War

14 Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum
The British Empire Field Marshall Sir Douglas Haig General Sir John French, Commander in Chief of the British Expeditionary Forces Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum

15 French Leadership Marshall Joffre Marshall Foche Marshall Petain
Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies Marshall Joffre Hero of the Battle of the Marne Marshall Petain Hero of Verdun

16 Germany’s Leadership Von Moltke Von Schleiffen Kaiser Wilhelm II
Von Hindenburg Ludendorff Von Falkenhayn

17 Verdun 1916 “They Shall Not Pass”

18 Verdun/Ft Douamont Jan-Dec 1916
>700,000 Casualties

19 1917-1918 The US Enters the War and Engages on the Western Front
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)…Port of Newport News GEN Pershing will not allow US Soldiers to be used as replacements The Tsar falls and Germany and Russia sign a Peace Treaty The German Final Offensive The American’s engage Cantigny Meuse-Argonne Belleau Wood St Mihiel

20 America’s Entry into the War
Lafayette, We are here!

21 1917-1918 German Collapse at home (later called the knife in the back)
The General Staff advises the Kaiser to abdicate Germany agrees to a cease fire on 11/11/11/11 …the Rail Car at Compeigne Revolution in Russia Demands for reparation and for Germany to be neutralized (economically, militarily … buffers to prevent future wars)

22 The Treaty of Versailles
June 28, 1919 Germany is responsible for the war? Germany is to pay reparations and is forbidden to have: A Navy An Air Force The Army is limited to 100K and may not have tanks, artillery, limited machine guns, etc. German territories in Africa and China (to Japan) are taken Orlando, Lloyd –George, , Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson The 14 Points: The League of Nations (Wilson’s Dream), Alsace-Lorraine, Poland established, freedom of the seas, Italy, the Balkans (Serbia free access to the sea, Austria-Hungary is dissolved (new countries along ethnic lines sort of), De-militarization, Turkey vice Ottoman Empire, Russia withdraws (creating Poland and the Baltic States), Self-determination, no secret alliances/treaties, etc. etc.

23 The New Map of Europe Poland is re-born Polish Corridor to the Baltic
Germany is split Saar Region Rhineland De-militarized Alsace returned to France The Baltic States Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

24 Outcomes…a very short list of many
Germany’s new government is confronted with revolution… Spartacists, Communists, Nationalists (Germany was never defeated and was stabbed in the back at home) Rampant inflation in Germany The rise of National Socialism The Strictures of Versailles are circumvented, renounced and ignored France has suffered horrific losses of young men which in the 30’s creates the “hollow years” The need for protection creates the application of technology… The Maginot Line Weak governments, weak leaders, passivism The Soviet Union is created Great Britain retains much of its Empire but is in a weakened state Italy is in chaos … not unusual for any of the new or revamped states which creates opportunity for a new order Mussolini and Fascism rise in Italy Declaration of a New Roman Empire Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, the Baltic States, etc. Japan emerges again as a winner and expands footprint in China Treaties, agreements, Kellogg-Briand Pact to ban war The United States reverts to isolationism Global Financial Crisis

25 1918 Politicians create wars, soldiers then must fight them!
“We have a pause of twenty years before the next war” Ferdinand Foch, Marshall of France, commenting on the Treaty of Versailles Politicians create wars, soldiers then must fight them! War is a failure of Statesmanship!


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