Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Document that explains the chosen concept to the animator 1.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Document that explains the chosen concept to the animator 1."— Presentation transcript:

1 Document that explains the chosen concept to the animator 1

2 Josephson Tunnelling-SIN Junction When a thin insulating layer is sandwiched between a metal and a superconductor, the resulting junction is called a Superconductor-Insulator- Normal metal(S-I-N) Junction. The current-voltage relation with one metal in the normal state and one in the superconducting state are explored in this simulation. Authors Anura.B.Kenkre Course Name: superconductivity 2

3 Learning Objectives After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to: Describe the SIN Junction. Predict the effect of temperature on the I-V characteristics. Predict the effect of the applied voltage on the current flowing through the junction. 3

4 Pre-requisites: Basic Quantum Mechanics(Phenomenon of tunneling.) Target Audience: TYBsc 4

5 Definitions of the components/Keywords: 5 3 2 4 1 When a thin insulating layer is sandwiched between a normal metal and a superconducting metal, the resulting junction is called an S-I-N junction. In superconductor, there exists an energy gap(∆) which corresponds to the break up of a pair of electrons in the superconducting state, with the formation of two electrons in the normal state. 5

6 6 IMPORTANT NOTE TO THE ANIMATOR: All the instructions/labels or anything WRITTEN in blue are CONTENT NOT TO BE DISPLAYED! All the instructions WRITTEN in black are CONTENT TO BE DISPLAYED! This is not applicable for images as there can be overlapping of these colours there. This should be followed for all the instructions,labels,etc… Kindly keep a note of this while displaying text in the animation.

7 Master layout or diagram Make a schematic diagram of the concept Explain to the animator about the beginning and ending of the process. Draw image big enough for explaining. In above image, identify and label different components of the process/phenomenon. (These are like characters in a film)‏ Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use BOLD lines in the diagram, (minimum 2pts.)‏ In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the labels used in the diagram 5 3 2 4 1 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE 7

8 Master layout or diagram You may have multiple master layouts. –In this case, number the master layout. ( e.g. Master layout 1)‏ – Each Master layout should be followed by the stepwise description of the animation stages related to it. 5 3 2 4 1 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE 8

9 Master Layout 5 3 2 4 1 Interactivity: Room Temperature Transition Temperature Absolute Zero 9 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION Use this font for the display. this is the LED display for the ammeter. Use this font for the display. this is the LED display for the power supply. Power supply IN Voltage(V) 08 S (Pb) mA ammeter + - Experimental setup bulb thermometer Temperature options Slider bar Redraw all the images given here.the ones given here are for reference.and do not retain the company names on them… Current(mA) Voltage(V) Normal metal

10 Animation design Please see the design template provided in the next slide. This is a sample template, and you are free to change as per your design requirements. Try and recreate the sections/subsections as shown in the template. 1 5 2 4 3 10

11 Instructions/ Working area Radio buttons (if any)/Drop down (if any) ‏ Play/pauseRestart Credits 11 Room Temperature Transition Temperature Absolute Zero Experimental setup IN Voltage(V) 08 S (Pb) mA + - Want to know more… (Further Reading) ‏ Definitions Test your understanding (questionnaire) ‏ Lets Learn! Lets Sum up (summary) ‏ What will you learn GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION Current(mA) Voltage(V ) Normal metal

12 Explain the process 1 5 3 2 4 In this step, use an example to explain the concept. It can be an analogy, a scenario, or an action which explains this concept/process/topic Try to use examples from day-to-day life to make it more clear You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a series of moving images. Keep the examples simple to understand, and also to illustrate/animate. 12

13 Analogy 1 5 3 2 4 The flow of current in an S-I-N junction at room temperature is similar to the flow of current through a resistor. It is a straight line passing through the origin. current Power supply 13

14 Stepwise description of process The goal of the document is to provide instructions to an animator who is not a expert. You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a moving visualization. Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the explanation. Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table below the box. You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's copyright status The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation 1 5 3 2 4 14

15 1 5 3 2 4 Clickable buttons on the thermom eter. Select a temper ature of your choice. Allow the user to click only on any one of the three buttons from the temperature options. Let the user click on a temperature option. Depending upon the button selected, go to slides 16,19,23. Initially,let the slider bar be disabled…Only after the temperature option is selected by the user,let the slider bar be enabled. THE AMMETER AND POWER SUPPLY DISPLAY SHOULD READ 0.00 IN THE INITIAL STAGE. If the user clicks on room temperature then go to slide 16. If the user clicks on transition temperature then go to slide19. If the user clicks on absolute zero then go to slide 23. Select the temperature. Voltage(V) Current(mA) 15 IN Voltage(V) 08 S (Pb) mA + - Instructions for the animator Instruction to the learner Results and Output Boundary limits Interactivity type (IO1/IO2.. ) ‏ Step No:1 Room Temperature Transition Temperature Absolute Zero

16 Step 2: 1 5 3 2 4 e Description of the action/ interactivity At room temperature. Fig 2 1.If the voltage scale is at 0V,then the bulb should not glow and the graph has to be as in previous slide. 2.As the user varies the slider bar for voltage, the graph should be plotted dynamically according to the values given in slide 18.the final graph will look like the one shown in Fig3. 3.On the scale only the end points are shown but, as the user varies the slider bar, the data value should be seen in the corresponding displays’. 4.As the graph is being plotted, the bulb should gradually glow brighter.more the voltage, brighter the bulb should glow. 5.The temperature button selected should be highlighted in white as shown. 6.Each current point being plotted has to be highlighted in red. 7.As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for current given on slide 18 in the display of ammeter. 8.As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for voltage given on slide 18 in the display of power supply. 9.The units of the slider bar are Volts(V). 10.After the graph is plotted, the text has to fade in as shown in Fig 3. 16 Fig3 IN Voltage(V) 08 S (Pb) mA + - Fig1 Current(mA) Voltage(V) Normal metal Room Temperature Transition Temperature Absolute Zero

17 1 5 3 2 4 Instructions for the animator Instruction to the learner Results and Output Boundary limits Interactivity type (IO1/IO2.. ) ‏ Interactivity option 1:Slider bar Step No:2 Refer to Fig 1, Fig 2, Fig 3 given in step 2. Slider bar for voltage Vary the voltage and observe what happens. As the user varies the slider bar show the graph being plotted dynamically as the slider moves along the horizontal axis, as shown in Fig3. Only those values given in the table on the next slide should be seen in the displays’ as the user slides the arrow. Plot the graph according to these values. If the user moves the slider bar and stops some where in between then the graph has to be formed only up till that point to which the slider bar has been moved At zero voltage the graph will not be formed. Each current point being plotted has to be highlighted in red. The graph should be plotted as shown in fig 3 as the user slides the arrow along the axis. As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for current given on slide 18 in the display of ammeter. As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for voltage given on slide 18 in the display of power supply. The voltage scale is from 0 to 8. Keep an interval of 0.5 unit. Eg:0,0.5, 1,1.5,2etc … 17

18 Voltage (V)Current(mA) 0.0 0.5 11 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 18

19 Step 3: 1 5 3 2 4 Varying voltage at transition temperature for the S-I-N junction. Instructions on next slide Fig 6 19 IN Voltage(mV) 01.65 S (Pb) mA + - Fig4 Fig 5 ∆ 1 /e for Pb Current(mA) Voltage(mV) Superconducting phase Room Temperature Transition Temperature Absolute Zero

20 Step 3 continued: 1 5 3 2 4 Refer to the figures in the previous slide Audio Narration Description of the action/ interactivity Varying voltage at transition temperature for the S-I-N junction 1.Let the graph in Fig 3 remain dim in the background along with its label of ‘normal metal’ and let the graph in Fig6 be plotted on top of it as the current graph.. 2.If the voltage scale is at 0V,then graph has to be as in slide 15. 3.As the user varies the slider bar for voltage, the graph should be plotted dynamically. The final graph is given in Fig6. 4.As the voltage is increased, the bulb should gradually glow brighter. 5.The temperature button selected should be highlighted in white as shown. 6.After the graph is formed, the text has to pop up as shown in Fig 6. 7.The readings for plotting the graph are given on slide22. 8.Each current point being plotted has to be highlighted in red. 9.As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for current given on slide 22 in the display of ammeter. 10.As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for voltage given on slide 22 in the display of power supply. 11.The units of the slider bar are millivolts(mV). 20

21 1 5 3 2 4 Instructions for the animator Instruction to the learner Results and Output Boundary limits Interactivity type (IO1/IO2.. ) ‏ Interactivity option 1:Slider bar Step No:3 Refer to Fig 4, Fig 5, Fig 6 given in step 3. Slider bar for voltage Vary the voltage and observe what happens. As the user moves the slider bar show the graph getting plotted dynamically as the slider moves along the horizontal axis, as shown in Fig6. Only those values given in the table on the next slide should be seen in the displays’ as the user slides the arrow. Plot the graph according to these values. If the user moves the slider bar and stops some where in between then the graph has to be formed only up till that point to which the slider bar has been moved At zero voltage the graph will not be formed. Each current point being plotted has to be highlighted in red. The graph should be plotted as shown in fig 6 as the user varies the slider bar along the axis. As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for current given on slide 22 in the display of ammeter. As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for voltage given on slide 22 in the display of power supply. The voltage scale is from 0.1 to 1.65. Show only the end points on the scale. 21

22 Voltage (mV) Current(mA) 0.10.25 0.20.25 0.30.25 0.40.25 0.50.25 0.750.25 10.3 1.050.4 1.10.45 1.150.5 1.20.6 1.250.7 1.31.25 1.355 1.45.4 1.455.8 1.56.2 1.556.6 1.67 1.657.4 Voltage (mV) Current(mA) 22

23 Step 4: 1 5 3 2 4 Varying voltage at absolute zero for the S-I-N junction. Fig 8 Instructions on next slide Fig 9 23 IN Voltage(mV) 01.65 S (Pb) mA + - Fig7 ∆ 1 /e for Pb Current(mA) Voltage(mV) Superconducting phase Room Temperature Transition Temperature Absolute Zero

24 Step 4 continued: 1 5 3 2 4 Refer to the figures in the previous slide Audio Narration Description of the action/ interactivity Varying voltage at absolute zero for the S-I-N junction 1.Let the graph in Fig 3 remain dim in the background along with its label and let the graph in Fig9 be plotted on top of it as the current graph. 2.If the voltage scale is at 0V,then the graph has to be as in slide 15. 3.As the user varies the slider bar for voltage, the graph should be plotted dynamically. The final graph is given in Fig9. 4.The graph will not form till the voltage reaches a particular point as shown in Fig 9. 5.As the voltage is increased, the bulb should gradually glow brighter. 6.The temperature button selected should be highlighted in white as shown. 7.After the graph is plotted, the text has to pop up as shown in Fig 9. 8.The readings for plotting the graph are given on slide26. 9.Each current point being plotted has to be highlighted in red. 10.As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for current given on slide 26 in the display of ammeter. 11.As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for voltage given on slide 26 in the display of power supply. 12.The units of the slider bar are millivolts(mV). 24

25 1 5 3 2 4 Instructions for the animator Instruction to the learner Results and Output Boundary limits Interactivity type (IO1/IO2.. ) ‏ Interactivity option 1:Slider bar Step No:4 Refer to Fig 7, Fig 8, Fig 9 given in step 4. Slider bar for voltage Vary the voltage and see what happens. As the user varies the slider bar show the graph getting plotted dynamically as the arrow moves along the horizontal axis, as shown in Fig9. Only those values given in the table on the next slide should be seen in the displays’ as the user slides the arrow. Plot the graph according to these values. If the user moves the slider bar and stops some where in between then the graph has to be formed only up till that point to which the slider bar has been moved At zero voltage the graph will not be formed. Each current point being plotted has to be highlighted in red. The graph should be plotted as shown in fig 9 as the user varies the slider bar. As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for current given on slide 26 in the display of ammeter. As the user varies the slider bar display the values from the column for voltage given on slide 26 in the display of power supply. The voltage scale is from 0 to 1.65. Show only the end points on the scale. 25

26 Voltage (mV)Current(mA) 00 0.50 10 1.050 1.10 1.150 1.20 1.250 1.30 1.355 1.45.4 1.455.8 1.56.2 1.556.6 1.67 1.657.4 26

27 Interactivity and Boundary limits In this section, you will add the ‘Interactivity’ options to the animation. Use the template in the next slide to give the details. Insert the image of the step/s (explained earlier in the Section 3) in the box, and provide the details in the table below. The details of Interactivity could be: Types: Drop down, Slider bar, Data inputs etc. Options: Select one, Multiple selections etc Boundary Limits: Values of the parameters, which won’t show results after a particular point Results: Explain the effect of the interaction in this column Add more slides if necessary 1 2 5 3 4 27

28 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Self- Assessment Questionnaire for Learners Please provide a set of questions that a user can answer based on the LO. They can be of the following types: –These questions should be 5 in number and can be of objective type (like MCQ, Match the columns, Yes or No, Sequencing, Odd One Out). –The questions can also be open-ended. The user would be asked to think about the question. The author is requested to provide hints if possible, but a full answer is not necessary. –One can include questions, for which the user will need to interact with the LO (with certain parameters) in order to answer it. 28

29 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Please make sure that the questions can be answered by interacting with the LO. It is better to avoid questions based purely on recall. Questionnaire for users to test their understanding 29

30 30 Questionnaire 1. What is the current-voltage relation for an SIN junction at room temperature? Answers: a)linear b)non-linear c)increasing exponentially d) ‏ decreasing exponentially. Correct Answers: 1)a Feedback: If user clicks correct answer then display “Correct! Make sure you can explain the reasoning!” If user clicks incorrect answer then display “Go back to the current versus voltage graph at room temperature and Try again! ” Display one question on one page..When the user selects his answer, compare with the correct answer and display the appropriate feedback.

31 31 Questionnaire 2. At absolute zero, when does the current start flowing? Answers: a)when V=0 b)when V=∆/2e c)V=∆/e d) ‏ at all applied voltages. Correct Answers: 2)c Feedback: If user clicks correct answer then display “Correct! Make sure you can explain the reasoning!” If user clicks incorrect answer then display “Go back to the current versus voltage graph at absolute zero and Try again! ”

32 32 Questionnaire 3. At transition temperature, when does the current start flowing? Answers: a)when V=∆/e b) before V= ∆/e c)after V= ∆/e d) ‏ when V= ∆/2e Correct Answers: 3)b Feedback: If user clicks correct answer then display “Correct! Make sure you can explain the reasoning!” If user clicks incorrect answer then display “Go back to the current versus voltage graph at transition temperature and Try again”

33 33 Questionnaire 4. What happens if you increase the voltage beyond ∆/e? Answers: a)superconducting metal returns to normal conducting stateb)normal metal transitions into superconducting statec)there is no changed) ‏ both a and b are true Correct Answers: 4) ‏ a Feedback: If user clicks correct answer then display “Correct! Make sure you can explain the reasoning!” If user clicks incorrect answer then display “Have a look at the current versus voltage graphs and Try again! ”

34 Links for further reading Books: 1)Introduction to Solid state physics-Charles Kittel(chapter 12) 2)Solid state physics-MA Wahab.(chapter 17) 3)Solid state physics-Ashcroft/Mermin. (Chapter 34) 34

35 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Please provide points to remember to understand the concept/ key terms of the animation The summary will help the user in the quick review of the concept. Summary 35

36 Summary When T>Tc, both metals are normal. hence, the current-voltage relation of the tunnelling junction is ohmic with the current directly proportional to the applied voltage. When T=Tc, one of the metals becomes superconducting, due to which the current-voltage characteristic changes from the straight line to a non-linear curve. When T=0,no current can flow until the applied voltage is V= ∆/e. The gap ∆/e corresponds to the break up of a pair of electrons in the superconducting state, with the formation of two electrons in the normal state. The current starts when V= ∆/e. 36


Download ppt "Document that explains the chosen concept to the animator 1."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google