1. Psychological Disorders Abnormal Behavior

2. History of Mental Disorders & Institutions Originally called “lunatics”, it was believed to be related to a full moon. Possession Removal and Institutionalization Ice baths Vomiting and bleeding Chains

3. Moral Management 1800’s- belief that environment is important part of treatment 1840’s- Dorothea Dix Shock therapy via insulin injections Effect of the Civil War Opium Reverting back to the older methods due to overcrowding.

5. The Early Twentieth Century The lobotomy introduced Quick and very popular “The” treatment until the 1950’s “Euthanasia of the mind”

6. Dr. Freeman’s “Ice Pick” Lobotomy

7. The 1960’s Movement to protect the human right of mental patients Community based Reduction of hospitalization Prevent psychological disorders instead of treatment only

8. Present Day Deinstitutionalization- move patients from in-patient institutions to community- based facilities with emphasis on out patient care Drug therapies Increase in homelessness (20-25% of homeless pop.) Denial of services

9. Deinstituationalization – A Psychiatric Titanic

10. US PUBLIC INPATIENT 1830- 1955

11. PUBLIC INPATIENT 1955-2006

12. QOD #2 What is something/situation of which you or someone you know is afraid? How do you or does the person you know manage this fear?

13. Criteria of Abnormal Behavior Deviance Maladaptive Behavior Personal Distress ALL SUBJECTIVE!!!

14. Mental Disorder v. Insanity Mental Disorder-- Interfere with a person’s well-being and ability to function for more than 6 months Insanity--Not knowing right and wrong

15. Etiology & Prognosis Etiology--Causation and developmental history of an illness Prognosis--Probable course of the illness and outcomes expected

16. Methods to Diagnose Mental Disorders Clinical Interviews Neurological test Personality tests Projective tests (TAT and Rorschach)

20. Look for the following 1.Number of responses 2.Length of time to reply or refusal to answer. 3.Was shape of color included? 4.Seen as a whole or separate parts 5.What was seen

21. Results Subject gave between 15-30 total responses to the 10 figures Depressed people give FEWER answers Reaction time took 20-30 minutes but schizophrenics took much less time and often refused to answer, gave most “original” ideas Common responses were animals or insects

22. DSM History Introduced by APA in 1952 DSM I had only 106 disorders DSM-II 1968 182 disorders DSM III 1980 265 disorders DSM IV 1995 297 disorders DSM V (~2013) ? disorders Pro and Cons of Diagnostic Labeling- Rosenhan’s 1973 Study “On Being Sane in Insane Places”

23. Levels of DSM Axis 1: Nine Major Clinical Syndromes Axis II: Personality Disorders Axis III: General Medical Conditions Axis IV: Psychological & Environmental problems Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale

24. Percentage of Mental Disorders Substance abuse 27% Anxiety 19% Mood 7-18% Schizophrenia 0.7%

25. Types of Therapy Insight –Psychoanalysis Interpretation Resistance Transference Client-Centered –Therapist gives little guidance and keeps advice to a minimum –Therapist provides feedback to help client sort out their feelings (clarification)

26. Types of Therapy Cognitive –Goal is to change the way the person thinks –Rational-Emotive Therapy (Aaron Beck)- change self-defeating statements Behavioral –Goal is to unlearn maladaptive behavior Group Therapy Biomedical- psychopharmacotherapy