1. Chain of Survival Citizens Response Calling the Emergency Number
First Response Care
EMT Care
Hospital Care
Rehabilitation

2. Everyone should know what to do in an emergency…
EVERYONE SH OULD KNOW FIRST AID

3. How to Handle Emergencies
STEP 1: Recognize that an Emergency Exist
How? Recognize the 4 U’s
- Unusual Noises
Unusual Sights
Unusual Odors
Unusual Appearances or Behavoirs

4. Step 2: Decide to Act Reasons why people might NOT act..
The presence of other people
Uncertainty about the Victim
Uncertainty that an emergency really exist at all
The type of injury or illness
Fear of catching a disease
Fear of doing something wrong
Fear of being sued

5. Step 3: Activate EMS System
EMS = Emergency Medical Service
Call 911 or the Local Emergency Number
*Don’t hang up the phone until they tell you to!

6. Step 4: Give care until help Arrives
First Aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly becomes ill
A first aid kit should be kept in your home and in your car
You must have consent to give 1st aid

7. Obtaining Consent
Consent means getting permission from the victim to help them.
Two types: Actual and Implied
Actual Consent: Verbal or Written permission from a conscious person to give first aid
Implied Consent: Assuming the victim would grant permission to give first aid if he/she was capable of saying so

8. When to Ask.. When the victim is a conscious adult
Ask a parent if the victim is a conscious child or infant
Consent is IMPLIED when..
A victim is a mentally competent adult, child or infant that is unconscious
A life threatening emergency

9. Good Samaritan Laws:
Laws that protect people who give 1st aid in a good faith and without gross negligence or misconduct
Provide complete legal protection
Anyone giving 1st aid should be properly trained and should apply the correct procedures or skills

10. Procedures to Follow Move a person only if their life is in danger
Ask a conscious person for permission before giving care
Check the person for life-threatening conditions
Call 9-1-1
Continue to give care until more highly trained personal arrive

11. Why were they developed?
Good Samaritan Laws were developed to encourage people to help others in emergency situations

12. Preventing Disease Tranmission
Follow these guidelines when giving 1st aid to help decrease risk of getting or transmitting an infectious disease:
- Avoid contact with blood & other body fluids
Use protective breathing barriers
Use disposable gloves
Do not touch anything soiled in blood

13. Continued..
Wash your hands with soap and water after giving care even if you’re wearing gloves
Tell EMS if you come in contact with blood
Why do you think it is important to avoid contact with blood?

14. Cleaning Up a Blood Spill
Clean up spill IMEDIATELY after it occurs
Use disposable gloves and other protective equipment
Wipe up spill with paper towels or something else durable
After the area has been wiped up use 1 ½ cups of liquid chlorine bleach : 1 gallon of fresh water and let stand for 10 minutes
Dispose in Biohazard container

15. Three Steps
Check
Call
Care

16. CHECK Is the scene safe? What Happened? How many people are involved?
Is there immediate danger?
Is anyone else available to help?
What is wrong?
* While checking the person use your senses of sight, smell, and hearing

17. CALL if… If you are caring for a person Ask a bystander to call 9-1-1
Is Unconscious
Bleeding Severely
Severe Burn
Vomiting or passing blood

18. Call if.. Continued Seizure that last for more than 5 minutes…
Has a seizures and is pregnant
Has a seizure and is diabetic
Fails to regain consciousness after a seizure.
Has injuries to head, neck, or back or possible broken bones.

19. Next Step… Call or Care? Call first- call 9-1-1 before giving care
Care first- provide 2 minutes of care before calling

20. Call First for.. Unconscious adult or child
A sudden collapse of a child or infant
Known heart problems
*Likely to be cardiac emergencies

21. Care First for…
An unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious person younger than 12 years of age
A drowning victim
* Breathing related emergencies

22. CARE
Once you have checked the scene and a person and made the decision to call Follow these guidelines:
1. Do no further harm
2. Monitor the person’s breathing and consciousness
3. Make them comfortable
4.Keep them from getting over chilled or overheated
5 .Reassure them! 
6. Give any specific care needed

23. When to move a victim NEVER Unless… There is immediate danger
You have to get another person
When it is necessary to give proper care

24. What else… Emergency Moves Page 22 For First Aid Purposes…
Adult: 12 years old or older
Child 1 year old to 11 years old
Infant: Less than 1 year old

25. Checking a Conscious Person
When there is NO immediate life-threatening conditions follow these steps:
Interview the person and bystanders (record)
- What happened?
Do you feel pain or discomfort anywhere?
Do you have any allergies?
Do you have any medical conditions?
Are you taking medicine?
When is the last time you ate?

26. Checking an Injured person (continued)
Adults: Check Head to Toe
Children & Infants: Toe to Head
Do not move discomfort areas or move them if you suspect head, neck and back injury
Check head, scalp, face, ears, nose and mouth
Look for cuts, bruises or depressions
Watch for changes in breathing
Look for changes in skin color

27. Checking the Body Shoulders: Shrug them Chest: Take a deep breath
Fingers, hands, arms, hips and legs: Move them
Look for signs of discomfort
Look for a medical ID tag

28. Checking an Unconscious Person
1st step: Call 9-1-1
Check for an open airway, signs of life, bleeding severely.
**** REMEMBER ABC’s********
A- Airway
B- Breathing
C- Circulation (signs of life, pulse for child or infant or severely bleeding)

29. A-B-C’s Airway: head tilt/chin lift
Breathing: look, listen, feel for no more than –
________ Seconds!
Not Breathing: Give 2 Rescue Breaths
Circulation: check for signs of life and severe bleeding

30. Unconscious Adult Check scene and the person
Tap on the shoulder and shout “Are you okay?”
No response, Call 9-1-1
Open airway, check for signs of life for no more than 10 seconds
If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths

31. Continued..
If breaths go in, check body for severe bleeding and get into position for CPR or use AED if available
If person is breathing.. Place in recovery position and monitor ABC’s

32. Unconscious Child Check scene and child
Get consent from parent or guardian
Tap on the shoulder and shout “Are you okay?”
No response, Call 9-1-1
If alone.. Give 2 minutes of care, then call 911
5. Open airway (tilt head, lift chin)check for signs of life for no more than 10 seconds

33. Unconscious Child (Continued)
6. If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths
7. If breaths go in..
Check for pulse and severe bleeding
If there is a pulse: Start Rescue Breathing
No pulse: Start CPR/ Use AED
Breaths do NOT go in: Start care for unconscious choking victim
8. If breathing… place in the recovery position

34. Unconscious Infant Check scene and infant
Get consent from parent or guardian
Tap on the foot or tap on shoulder and shout “Are you okay?”
No response, Call
If alone.. Give 2 minutes of care, then call 911
5. If an unconscious infant is face down, roll face up supporting their head, neck and back
6. Open airway, check for signs of life for no more than 10 seconds

35. Unconscious Infant (Continued)
7. If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths
8. If breaths go in… check pulse
If breaths DO NOT go in – Care for unconscious choking infant
Pulse- Start rescue breathing for an Infant
No Pulse- Start CPR
9. If breathing place in recovery position and monitor breathing

36. When Seconds Count
A breathing problem so severe that is threatens a person’s life is considered a :
BREATHING EMERGENCY
2 Types:
Respiratory Distress
Respiratory Arrest

37. Respiratory Distress Breathing is difficult.. Caused by:
A partially obstructed airway
Illness
Chronic conditions like asthma
Electrocution
Heart Attack

38. Respiratory Distressed (Cont.)
Injury to head, chest, lungs or abdomen
Drugs
Poisoning
Emotional Distress

39. BREATHING STOPS COMPLETELY
Respiratory Arrest
BREATHING STOPS COMPLETELY

40. Signals of a Breathing Emergency
Trouble breathing
Slow or fast breathing
Deep or shallow breaths
Gasping for breath
Wheezing, gurgling or making high pitched noises

41. Signals (Continued) Unusually moist or cool skin
Flushed, pale, ashen or blue skin color
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Pain in chest or tingling in hands, feet or lips
Apprehensive or fearful feelings

42. Time is critical in a life-threatening emergency:
0 minutes- Breathing stops. Heart will soon stop beating
4 -6 minutes – Brain Damage Possible
6 – 10 minutes – Brain Damage Likely
Over 10 minutes: Irreversible brain damage certain

43. Choking
If a person is able to cough, have them continue to cough- THEY ARE NOT CHOKING
If a person is choking…ACT right away!
Universal Sign of Choking:

44. Conscious Choking Adult or Child
5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
Continue this combination until the object is dislodged and the person can breath or cough forcefully or becomes unconscious

45. Conscious Choking Infant
5 Back Blows ( Center of the back between the shoulder blades)
Followed by:
5 chest thrusts (Head of infant stays lower than the body when doing this)

46. Rescue Breaths Adult: Tilt head and lift chin, pinch nose shut
Take a breath and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth
Blow in to make chest rise
(each rescue breath should last about 1 second)
If breaths go in give CPR or use AED
If breaths DO NOT go in give care for an unconscious choking victim

47. Child Check for an unconscious child
After determining the child has a pulse but needs help breathing on their own:
Give 1 rescue breath every 3 seconds
( Each breath should last about 1 second)
2. After about 2 minutes recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 seconds
If pulse but still not breathing = Continue RB
If NO PULSE= Start CPR

48. Infant Complete check for unconscious infant
After determining the Infant has a pulse but cannot breath on their own:
Give 1 Rescue Breath every 3 seconds
Seal mouth over infants mouth & nose
( Each R.B. should last about 1 second)
2. After about 2 minutes recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 seconds

49. Practice!
Practice with a partner on checking an unconscious adult, child, and infant
Use pages in the textbook as a guide
Be sure to go through the scene from the beginning
Monday: Skills practice & Peer Assessment