1. European Landmarks

2. What is a Landmark??? An important building or monument
Often, a building that is significant in history that is protected and maintained by the local or national government

3. How will we define our Landmarks?
WHO- was there a significant figure who built the landmark?
WHAT- what materials were used to create the landmark?
WHEN- when was the landmark built?
WHERE- location of the landmark- city, country
WHY- why was this landmark built, what is the purpose?

4. Information WHO- built by Gustave Eiffel WHAT- made of exposed iron
WHEN- built from
WHERE- Paris, France
WHY- built as an attraction for the World’s Fair held in Paris in 1889
with three levels, is 984 feet high, the first level is a restaurant still in use today!

5. Eiffel Tower!

6. Information WHO- wealthy widow named Berta di Bernado
WHAT- the interior is made of limestone and mortar, with the exterior being covered in marble
WHEN (there were many wars that interrupted the project)
WHERE- Pisa, Italy
WHY- It is a bell tower to accompany the cathedral that it stands next to.
It leans because the soil is sand and clay and can’t support the weight of the building

7. Tower of Pisa
                             

8. Information WHO- East German government and soldiers
WHAT- built of concreter, it was 12 feet high and 120 miles long
WHEN- built in 1961
WHERE- through the city of Berlin, Germany
WHY- after WWII, the city of Berlin was shared by allied and Soviet (former USSR) forces; because the East German govt. was so strict, people tried to leave all the time and a wall was built to stop this.
This wall came down in 1991 when the Soviet Union broke up

9. The Berlin Wall

10. Information WHO- Charles Barry
WHAT- made of masonry stone with an iron framework
WHEN
WHERE- London, England
WHY- It was built as a grand addition to the Palace of Westminster, and to keep time for the people
The inscription beneath the dials reads 'DOMINE SALVAM FAC REGINAM NOSTRAM VICTORIAM PRIMAM' which means 'Lord save our Queen Victoria I'.

11. Big Ben
                        

12. Information WHO- King Ludwig II
WHAT- built of stone in a Romanesque architectural style
WHEN
WHERE- Bavaria, Germany
WHY- The castle was built to be a private home for the King, in the most scenic part of Germany
This castle was the model for Walt Disney’s fairy tale castle in Disney World

13. Neuschwanstein Castle

14. Information
WHO- possible the Druids, a group of Celtic priests, or more likely neolithic, ancient people
WHAT- wood and bluestone igneous rock, and sandstone
WHEN B.C.
WHERE- southwestern England
WHY- not fully known, possibly a calendar, possibly a sacred place of worship

15. Stonehenge

16. Information WHO- Ivan the Terrible
WHAT- made up of 9 individual chapels, made of red brick with the common “onion dome” design
WHEN
WHERE- Red Square in Moscow, Russia
WHY- built to commemorate Ivan the Terrible's successful military campaign against the Tartar Mongols in 1552

17. St. Basil’s Cathedral
                                                                                           

18. Information WHO- Roman Emperor Vespasian, and his son Titus
WHAT- stones and concrete bricks, finished with marble stone
WHEN- A.D
WHERE- Rome, Italy
WHY- built as an amphitheater which showcased plays, celebrations and is most known for its gladiator fights

19. The Colosseum

20. Information WHO- Napoleon Bonaparte WHAT- stone and marble
WHEN
WHERE- Paris, France
WHY- it was built to honor and commemorate the great and successful army of Napoleon
It now serves as a symbol of unity
12 streets radiate out from this point
France’s “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier” is here

21. Arc de Triomphe

22. Information WHO- Giovanni Bernini WHAT- stone and granite
WHEN-17th Century
WHERE- Vatican City, Rome, Italy
WHY- an entrance to Vatican City, that leads strait to St. Peter’s Basilica

23. St. Peter’s Square, cont.
The Basilica was built over the spot believed to be where pilgrims and Roman Christians had traditionally venerated the remains of the first Apostle of Christ and first Bishop of Rome -- Simon Peter -- who was crucified upside down atop this spot on Vatican hill, according to tradition, under the Emperor Nero.

24. St. Peter’s Square- the Vatican

25. Information WHO- Horace Jones WHAT- stone bearing masonry and iron
WHERE- London, England
WHEN
WHY- serves as a bridge over the Thames River
this is actually a drawbridge that opens to allow ships to pass through

26. London Tower Bridge
                                                  

27. Information Who: Built by Athenians in Greece
What: Constructed in Doric Style using Marble
Considered the finest example of Greek architecture.
When: Completed 432 B.C.
Where: The Acropolis, Greece
Why: A temple for the Goddess Athena

28. The Parthenon