4. Lecture will include 1 – Difference between Permanent & Deciduous teeth 2- Pulp ( Contents & Compartments) 3- Pulp space Morphology:  a. Root canal system  b. Pulp space morphology of anterior teeth  c. Pulp Space morphology of premolars 4- How to make Access Preparation

5. Difference between Permanent & Deciduous Teeth DeciduousPermanent Larger in sizeSmall in size Crown is less BulbousCrown is Bulbous Crown is darker in colorCrown is light in color Less prominent cervical ridgeProminent cervical ridge (especially 1 st deciduous molar) Longer trunk (the furcation is away from cervical line) Short trunk (the furcation is directly after cervical line) Less widely divergent roots.Widely divergent roots (to enclose the developing successor )

8. Anatomy of the pulp *The coronal pulp *The radicular pulp *Apical foramen *The average size of the apical foramen is varies from 0.3 to 0.6mm. The dental pulp is highly specialized loose delicate connective tissue occupying the central portion of the tooth

12. Types of Root Canal System A) Classification of Root canal Acc. To Form & Configuration (By Weine) RamificationType IType IIType IIIType IVType V Type VI Orificeonetwo single two Root CanalsingletwoTwoSingle Branching in middle 1/3 surrounding a dentin island 2 Canals unite at cervical 1/3 then divide at apical 1/3 Apical Foramen single Two single two

13. B) According to Maturation & Curvature (Root Canal Classes) Class IClass IIClass III Mature (having apical constriction) Immature (open apex) straight Slightly curved Severely curved DilaceratedBayonettubularblunderbuss

15. Mandibular Canine Maxillary Canine Mandibular Lateral Mandibular Central Maxillary Lateral Maxillary Central 1 3 Pulp Horns OvalTrianglePulp Chamber Frontal View (Mesio- Distal) Narrow Has uniform taper Wide Has uniform taper Root Canal -Wide follow external outline,pointed incisally & widen cervically- Pulp Chamber Proximal View (Bucco- Lingual) -Wide -Constricted in apical 3 rd -Wide(if 2 canals) -Uniform taper -Wide -Uniform taper Root Canal Single Rooted Type I,II,III 1 canal or 2 canals (30-40%) No. of Roots & Root Canal system -Oval in shape -Triangular in shape with base incisally & apex civically- Outline Form 24 25 -26 Longest root 2122.523 Average Root Length (in milimeters) Wide Narrow ل Type I Type I 94% Type II,III 6%

16. Mandibular 2 nd Premolar Mandibular 1 st Premolar Maxillary 2 nd Premolar Maxillary 1sr Premolar 2  Buccal (most prominent) & Lingual Pulp Horns -Oval -Narrow Pulp Chamber Facial View (Mesio- Distal) NarrowRoot Canal -Wide -Pointed incisally & widen cervically Pulp Chamber Proximal View (Bucco- Lingual) -Wide - Sudden constriction in middle 3 rd -Wide (1 root) -Narrow (2 roots) Root Canal -1 root 85 % 1 canal 15% 2 canals ( type IV mainly, type II,III ) - rare 2 roots -1 root 85 % Type I 70% Type II 20% Type III 10%) - 2 roots 15% -20% bayonet curve -2 r00ts 60% -1 root 38% Type I  10% Type II  20% Type III  70% -3 roots 2% (3 root canals  (2 B & 1 Ling. No. of Roots & Root canal System Oval (buccolingually) Ovoid ( buccolingually) From buccal cusp tip  to base of Palatal cusp Outline form 21.5 mm21 mm Average Root Length

18. Access Cavity Preparation

20. 1- Instrumensts Diagnostic Burs & Stones for Access prep.

21. Mandibular Premolars Maxillary Premolars Anterior Teeth OcclusalLingual/ Palatal 2- Entrance Parallel to long axis90° degree  till dentin Then  45° till pulp (with long axis) 3- Direction At 1/3 of lingual incline of buccal cusp Central Groove Middle Of Middle 4- Point Of Peneteration OvoidOvalTriangle ( Base incisallya & Apex cervically) 5- Outline Form Should not touch i/marginal ridges ii/ incisal edge iii/ cingulum 6- Size ( Extent )