1. Surgical Robotics Kaeli Pfenning

2. Robotic Surgery Technological developments that use robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. Developed: o To overcome the limitations of minimally-invasive surgery. o Enhance the capabilities of surgeons.

3. History PUMA 560 o Used to place a needle for a brain biopsy using CT guidance in 1985. MROBOT o Used to perform prostatic surgery in 1988 ROBODOC o Used to mill out precise fittings in the femur for hip replacements in 1992

4. Recent Robotic Systems da Vinci Surgical System Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) ZEUS robotic surgical system

5. da Vinci 3 components: o Surgeon’s console o A high-def 3D vision system o A patient-side robotic cart that has 4 arms controlled by the surgeon Intended for use in battlefields and remote other remote environments. More useful for minimally invasive surgery.

6. da Vinci Senses the surgeon’s had movements & translates them into micro-movements Detects and filters out tremors from the surgeon’s movements. FDA cleared for surgeries for o Prostate cancer o Hysterectomy o Mitral valve repair

7. da Vinci Used in over 800 hospitals in the America’s & Europe. In 1998 Dr. Yrigollen performed the 1 st robotically assisted heart bypass. “The robot was the star of the show, with Dr. Nezhat performing like the wizard behind the curtain in ‘The Wizard of Oz’.”

8. ZEUS Designed for minimally invasive microsurgery procedures. o Beating Heart Surgery & endoscopic coronary artery bypass The arms mimic & scale down the surgeons movements. Corrects for hand Tremors ZEUS was favored out by the da Vinci system.

9. ProsCons More Precision Surgeons don’t tire as quickly (surgeon site) Decreased blood loss Smaller incisions Less pain Quicker Healing o Hospital stay is shorter More Training o Learning phase intensive o Surgeries can take twice as long for those learning. o Operating room tie-ups Cost of procedure is higher

10. Future Performing operations autonomously o It would have to make decisions in surgery o It can only follow surgeons movements at this time Be able to preform remote operations using satellite uplink. o A surgeon in Europe could perform a surgery on a patient in South Africa Do more invasive surgeries with less invasive procedures