1. Today’s LEQs: What came after Classical Rome? What changed and what stayed the same?

3.  Continuation of Eastern portion of Roman Empire (West fell 476CE to Germanic invasions)  Ruled by caesaropapist ruler (combining secular and religious authority in one person)

4.  West = breakdown of Roman society, law, custom, language  Byzantine East = retain Roman laws, customs, urban-centered life, and Greek language  Both = Christian, BUT  Great Schism – 1054; final division between Eastern Orthodox (led by patriarch) and Roman Catholic (led by pope) Christianity

5.  Invaded by Abbasid Islamic forces (from late 600s CE)  By 1085, territory shrank even more  Catholic crusaders  Turkic Muslim invaders  The end came when conquered in 1453 by Ottoman Turks (Central Asians converted to Islam)

7.  Population reduced by 25%  Lack of centralization in gov’t – strong elites took control of smaller areas  Christianity provided limited unity throughout Europe  Pope becomes most important figure in the West  New Germanic rulers of disunited kingdoms tried to retain some aspects of Rome (they admired it!)  Germanic people became the “dominant peoples”

8.  Europe does briefly experience some unity under the rule of Charlemagne but it’s short-lived (800 CE; aka “Charles the Great”)  Later, attempted under the Holy Roman Empire (limited to modern day Germany; unsuccessful)  What can be inferred about the Roman Catholic Pope from the religious icon to the left?

9.  Using your BYOD, look up the dictionary definition of this word and write it in your notes.  Based on your reading of Chapter 10 (specifically, pages 436-437), write a brief paragraph explaining how feudalism worked in Western Europe in the third-wave era. Consider especially feudalism’s emphasis on social hierarchy in your answer.

11.  A political and social system based on loyalty, land, and military service  Occurs due to weakness in centralized gov’t  As central authority breaks down, people look to local leaders for protection

12.  The kings had lots of land; he gave land to lords in exchange for protection and $.  Lords gave their land to knights in exchange for protection, $. (known as Fief)  Knights let serfs work the land and he would protect them.  Serfs got food and shelter.  Thus, each person had rights and responsibilities

13.  Disease, riots, outside attacks, and starvation, people fled the cities of the once strong Roman empire  In Europe, people now lived on manors, self- sufficient communities consisting of a castle, church, village and surrounding farmlands  Economic System: Manoralism – the economic system of Middle Ages based on the manor. No large-scale trade; self- sufficient

14.  High Middle Ages (1000-1300 CE)  Decreased invasions; great security and stability  Population growth due to increased agricultural production  Warming trend after 750 CE helped agriculture  Urbanization makes a comeback!  Returned to interregional trade

15.  Series of “holy wars” starting in 1095 CE and lasting more than four centuries  Directed against Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and Jewish communities  Impressive show of organization, finance, transportation, and recruitment considering Western Europe had no centralized rule  Crash Course Video Clip