1. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Steve introduced himself to the other guests.
We use myself/yourself/himself etc. (reflexive pronouns) when the subject and the object are the same:
Steve introduced himself
The reflexive pronouns are:
singular: myself yourself himself/herself/itself
plural: ourselves yourselves themselves

2. Put in myself/yourself/ourselves etc. or me/you/us etc.
Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed _____.
It’s not my fault. You can’t blame _____.
What I did was really bad. I’m ashamed of _____.
We’ve got a problem. I hope you can help _____.
Can I take another biscuit? – Of course. Help _____.
You must meet Sarah. I’ll introduce _____ to her.
Don’t worry about us. We can look after _____.
I gave them a key to our house so that they could let _____ in.
I didn’t want anybody to see the letters, so I burned _____.

3. POSSESSIVES
The possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our your, their.
I hear your brother is in love with my sister.
The possessive pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs, and the possessive question word is whose.
Is this Jane’s bag? – No, this one is mine; that one is hers.
Whose book is this?/ Whose is this book?
We use the possessive pronouns when we do not need to repeat a noun:
Their flat is bigger than ours. (=our flat)

4. CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE WORDS TO COMPLETE THE STORY.
When I was a kid, my/mine sister and I always got the same presents.
We both got a dress, for example, but mine/my was green and hers/her was pink.
One year, ours/our parents got us kites, but they were exactly the same.
One day I was playing with my/mine in the garden, and I broke it, just a little bit.
I didn’t tell anyone, but I went to my/mine sister’s room and swapped it for her/hers.
The next day, our/ours family went to the beach.
There were some other children there and they loved our/ours kites.
Mine/my sister saw the kids and said, “They haven’t got a kite, I’m going to give them my/mine.”
I felt terrible. Mine/My sister has always been nicer than me!

5. We use –’s (apostrophe + s) mostly for people or animals:
Tom’s computer isn’t working. (NOT the computer of Tom)
What’s Tom’s sister’s name?
Be careful. Don’t step on the cat’s tail.
With a singular noun we use –’s:
my sister’s room (her room – one sister)
With a plural noun we put an apostrophe at the end of the word:
my sisters’ room (their room – two or more sisters)
If a plural noun does not end in –s (e.g. men/women/children/people) we use –’s:
a children’s book
You can use –’s after more than one noun:
Jack and Karen’s wedding

6. You can also use –’s with time expressions (yesterday/next week etc.):
Do you still have yesterday’s newspaper?
In the same way, you can say today’s, tomorrow's, this evening’s, Monday’s, etc.
We also use –’s (or –s’ with plural words) with periods of time:
I’ve got a week’s holiday starting on Monday.
Julia has got three weeks’ holiday.
It is also possible to use –’s for places. So you can say:
the world’s population
Italy’s prime minister

7. For things/ ideas, etc. we normally use of:
the door of the garage (NOT the garage’s door)
the name of the book
Sometimes the structure noun + noun is possible:
the garage door
You can usually use –’s or of… for an organization (=a group of people). So you can say:
the government’s decision or the decision of the government
the company’s success or the success of the company

8. Who is the owner of this restaurant? Where are the children of Chris?
In some of these sentences, it would be more natural to use -’s or -’. Change the underlined parts where necessary.
Who is the owner of this restaurant?
Where are the children of Chris?
Is this the umbrella of your friend?
Write your name at the top of the page.
I’ve never met the daughter of Charles.
Have you met the son of Mary and Dan?
We don’t know the cause of the problem.
Do we still have the newspaper of yesterday?
What’s the name of this street?
What is the cost of a new computer?
The friends of your children are here.
The garden of our neighbours is very nice.
I work on the ground floor of the building.
The hair of Bill is very long.
I couldn’t go to the party of Catherine.
What’s the name of the woman who lives next door?
Have you seen the car of the parents of Mike?
What’s the meaning of this expression?
Do you agree with the economic policy of the government?

9. SINGULAR AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
DEMONSTRATIVES
SINGULAR AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
PLURAL NOUNS
NEAR (PLACE AND TIME)
THIS
THESE
FAR (PLACE AND TIME)
THAT
THOSE

10. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THIS, THAT, THESE OR THOSE.
Last weekend we visited _____ country house near Nottingham.
Are the opening hours _____ year the same as last year?
Do you remember _____ parties we had before we got married?
Yes, don’t say anything to Debbie but I don’t like _____ one at all. I wish we had stayed at home tonight.
_____ goal in the first half was fantastic, but _____ second half is disappointing. I‘ll be glad when it’s all over.
I read in _____ morning’s newspaper that long skirts are coming back.
Thank goodness. I don’t like the short skirts that everybody’s wearing _____ days.
I was just thinking about _____ dreadful package holidays we used to go on with Jake and Debbie.
Don’t remind me! Thank goodness they’ve already booked a cruise for _____ summer – we can go somewhere nice.

11. QUANTIFIERS
We use some in positive sentences, and any in negative sentences and questions:
There were some pens on the desk but there wasn’t any paper.
Have you got any brothers or sisters?
However, we use some in questions which are requests and offers:
Would you like some more cake?
Could I have some tea, please?
We can use no instead of not…any with plural nouns or uncountable nouns. No is stronger and more formal than not…any:
I have no time to speak to you now.
(I don’t have any time to speak to you now.)

12. We use a lot of, much and many to talk about a large quantity of something. We use much with uncountable nouns and many with plural nouns. A lot of goes with both uncountable and plural nouns:
There are a lot of flowers, but there isn’t much grass or many trees.
We can use (a) few instead of not many, and (a) little instead of not much:
I’ve eaten a few strawberries with a little cream.
We use a few and a little (NOT few and little) when we want to be more positive about the quantity we are describing. Compare:
My parents had a little money saved so they could buy us a few presents on our birthdays. (positive)
My parents had little money saved so they bought us few presents and we couldn’t afford to go on holiday. (negative)

13. COMPLETE THE CONVERSATIONS IN A CLOTHES SHOP BY CIRCLING THE RIGHT EXPRESSION IN EACH CASE
1. A: Good morning. Can I help you?
B: Yes, I’d like to look at some/any shirts, please.
A: Some/Any particular kind?
B: Plain ones, with no/any pattern, or perhaps just a little/a few decoration.
2. A: Have you got some/any smart skirts or trousers in the sale? I need them for work.
B: We’ve got a little/a few smart skirts in the sale but I’m afraid we haven’t got some/any trousers. But there are some/any nice trousers that have just come in and they aren’t very expensive.

14. 3. A: I’m looking for some/any shoes to go with this suit
3. A: I’m looking for some/any shoes to go with this suit. I can’t see some/any suitable ones in the window.
B: There isn’t much/many room in the window so we only have a little/a few pairs there. If you look at the back of the shop you’ll find much/a lot of styles to choose from.
4. A: Excuse me, are these socks all cotton?
B: Yes, they’re all cotton. There’s any/no other material in some/any of the socks on this shelf, but these over here have a little/a few lycra in them. Let’s see. Yes, 90% cotton, 10% lycra. These days, a lot of/much socks have a little/little lycra in them.