1. Islam: History, values and culture

2. We are all Muslims; some have the Gospels, others have the Quran A Patriarch from Syria

3. Islam: Myths and Reality

4. Terminology: The religion is called ISLAM. The people are MUSLIMS or Moslim. 4

5. Myth #1: Most Muslims are Arabs who live in the Middle East. 3

6. Reality: Of more than 1 billion Muslims worldwide, only about 1/5 are Arabs. 4

7. Try to Guess: Which country has more Muslims than any other country in the world? 5

8. Answer: Indonesia - with over 200 million Muslims. Note: The U.S. has about 5 million Muslims. 6

9. 7http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/ah369/islam_map.jpg

10. Myth #2: Muslims have a strange religion and worship a god called Allah. 8

11. Reality: Muslims are monotheistic and worship the same one God as Christians and Jews. ????? 9

12. Note: ‘ Allah’ is the Arabic word for ‘God.’ 10

13. Myth #3: Muslims believe it is o.k. to kill civilians in a holy war (“jihad”). 11

14. Reality : Only Muslim extremists believe this. (Just like most Christians do NOT believe in bombing abortion clinics.) 12

15. Practice versus practitioner. Creator versus creation.

16. Myth #4: Most Muslim women wear veils over their faces and are treated very badly. 13

17. Reality : Muslim women have many different styles of dress. (Very few cultures require women to cover their faces.) The treatment of women varies from country to country and family to family. Some Muslim countries, like Pakistan, have had female prime ministers. The U.S. has never had a female president. 14

18. Pakistani dress (left); Saudi Arabian (right) Shariah TV website 15

19. Iranian woman Green Cine.com 16

20. Somali (left); West African (right) Shariah TV website 17

21. Malaysian (left); Indian/ Bangladeshi (right) Shariah TV website 18

22. Afghani women wearing burqas International Medical Corps photo19

23. Muslim girls in Texas protesting discrimination for wearing head scarves http://www.cairdfw.org20

24. Something to think about: Should women in a Western country be allowed to wear a headscarf if they choose? 21

25. Main Beliefs of Islam 5 Pillars of Islam 22

26. Faith: Belief in one God and that Muhammad is His prophet. 23

27. Prayer: 5 times a day – facing Mecca http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/salah/images/5.jpg24

28. Alms Giving money to the poor is REQUIRED, not optional 25

29. Fasting During the month of Ramadan, Muslims cannot eat or drink anything during the daylight hours. 26

30. Pilgrimage Once in their lives – If they can afford it, Muslims make a pilgrimage to Mecca 27

31. In Mecca during the pilgrimage www.thefaithclub.com28

32. Vocabulary: MOSQUE: a Muslim place of worship 29

33. Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia http://islamicbooks.info/H-21-Madh'habs30

34. Mohammed Ali mosque, Cairo, Egypt http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/egypt.htm31

35. Inside the Mohammed Ali Mosque http://www.ask-aladdin.com32

36. http://www.ask-aladdin.com Dome of the Mohammed Ali mosque 33

37. Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Mosque), Istanbul Turkey http://cs.ua.edu/~greg/personal.html 34

38. Interior of the Blue Mosque http://www.britannica.com35

39. Dome of a mosque, Esfahan, Iran http://www.perceptivetravel.com/issues/1106/maclean.html 36

40. Interior of a mosque in Iran http://www.worldisround.com/articles/73022/photo621.html37

41. Mosque in Djenne, Mali (West Africa) http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/17028.html38

42. North African mosque http://www.galenfrysinger.com/ tunis.htm 39

43. Indonesian mosque http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/Brunei/index.html40

44. Islamic architecture in Spain http://www.islamservices.org41

45. Muslim mosque and tombstone in Sarajevo, Bosnia Yugoslavia: Republics and Provinces42

46. Mosque in Tempe, Arizona http://www.4uth.gov.ua/usa/english/society/muslimlife/mosques.htm43

47. Vocabulary: QURAN (or KORAN): Muslim holy book 44

48. The Quran http://www.minhajsisters.com/home/articles/index.minhaj?id=8 45

49. 1. Which of the following is a true statement: A. All Arabs are MuslimsB. All Muslims are Arabs C. Iran is an Arab countryD. None of the above

50. 1. Which of the following is a true statement: A. All Arabs are MuslimsB. All Muslims are Arabs C. Iran is an Arab countryD. None of the above

51. 2. During prayer a Muslim should face: A. Mecca B. Islamabad C. Jerusalem D. Washington, DC

52. 2. During prayer a Muslim should face: A. Mecca B. Islamabad C. Jerusalem D. Washington, DC

53. Islam Founder: Muhammad Ibn (son of) Adballah Born: 571 AD in Mecca, Arabia Descendant of Abraham Nicknames: Almustapha (the chosen), Alamin (the faithful) Titles: The prophet, the messenger (Alrasul) Tribe: Quraiysh Holy Book: The Quran, derived from ‘read’

54. Quraiysh Qussaiy Abdmanaf AbdshamsHashem (Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Abulahab Alhareth (661-750)(750-1258) Muhammad Ali Adbelmuttalib Ummayah Dynasty Abbbassides Dynasty Abraham Ismail Adnan

55. Islam by the death of Mohammed 632

56. Abu-Bakr - 632-634 The first elected official. Omar Ibn Elkhattab - 634-644 Othman bin Affan - 644-656 Collected and compiled the Quran Ali Bin Abitalib - 656-661 632-661: the Four Elected Successors (Caliphs )

57. Islam at 644, the year Omar died

58. 732, 100 Yrs after Mohammed

59. The Abbassides Dynasty, 750-1258 The center of the Empire moves to Iraq and Iran Baghdad, built 762 AD by Almansur (2nd Caliph). With over 2 M, Baghdad becomes the glamorous center of the world  Science, art, architecture, learning, and wealth  Lighted streets, public baths, public libraries and hospitals everywhere Cairo, built 968 AD

60. Islam as Monotheistic Religion

61. The Quran: 114 Chapters (chapter = Surah) Special place for Virgin Mary, the only female (the Chapter of Mary) God = Allah (Arabic) = Eluhim (Hebrew) = El (Aramaic) One and only one God, no trinity Arabic as the language of the Quran

62. Jihad and the Conduct of War Jihad in Arabic does not mean "holy war”. It means "struggle” or “strive”. The "greater jihad” in the Quran is that of the soul, of the tongue, of the pen, of faith, of morality, etc. The "smaller jihad" is that of arms.  Three levels: –Personal: That of the soul –Verbal: "The most excellent jihad is the speaking of truth in the face of a tyrant" –Physical: Combat waged in defense against oppression and transgression.

63. ãSince good and evil cannot be equal, repel thou evil with something that is better, and love he between whom and thy self was enmity may then become as though he had always been close unto thee, a true friend" (41:34) God does not allow harm of civilian, and requests the protection of women, children and the elderly during war (4:96; 9: 91; 48: 16,17)  “If any one slew a person--unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land--it would be as if he slew the whole people; and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people.” (5:32) Jihad and the Conduct of War

64.  "Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for Allah loves not transgressors." (2: 190). –Notice: Defensive war, fight back ‘Martyrdom’: Those killed during fighting or while doing civic duties (martyrs) are promised a place in heaven (several passages, e.g., 2:154; 3:169-172) However, suicide is not allowed; it is forbidden and condemned (e.g., 6:151, 17:33, 25:68)  'Do not attack a temple, a church, a synagogue. Do not bring a tree or a plant down. Do not harm a horse or a camel’

65. Relation with other Faiths Like the Torah, the Quran permits retaliation eye for eye, tooth for tooth. But, like the Gospels, it says “it is meritorious to forgo revenge in a spirit of charity (5: 45) Acknowledges Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon, Zacharia, Jesus, John the baptist, and others as the “the good prophets of God” A special place for Jesus and Mary (e.g., 3:45,46; 4:156-158; 19:1-98) Accepts that Mary’s conception is from God’s soul. Rejects the divinity of Jesus (no trinity). Jesus was not killed (e.g., 4:155-159; 5:17-19)

66.  "And dispute ye not with the People of the Book, except with means better, unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong: but say, 'We believe in the revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; Our Allah and your Allah is one; and it is to Him we bow.” In one of his last public sermons Muhammad said  “God tells all human beings, "O people! We have formed you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another" (49: 13). Do not conquer, convert, subjugate, revile or slaughter but to reach out toward others with intelligence and understanding” Relation with other Faiths

67. Sunni and Shiha Sunni 90% of Muslims Follow the Quran and the Hadeeth as we have them today, and as interpreted by the Sunni scholars Shiha Came to be as a sect after 680 A.D. Believe in the Quran and Hadeeth, like Sunni However, they place Ali very high as a holy figure, and think ‘main stream’ Islam discriminated against him Today Shiah is mainly in Iran (90%), Iraq (55%) and Lebanon (~40%)

68. Important Holidays Al-adhaa (the sacrifice) Symbolizes Abraham attempt to sacrifice his son Ishmael by God’s request. Should sacrifice an animal and give the food to the poor. The pilgrimage to Mecca Alfetr Observed at the end of the holy month of Ramadan (the fasting month) The Islamic New Year Yr 1, Islamic calendar = 622 A.D. Alisraa Walmaaraj Symbolizes the ascending, in Jerusalem, of Mohammed's soul to heaven The Birthday of Muhammad Ashuraa day (Shiha only)

69. Islam Today 1.3 Billion worldwide, three continents  0.3 Billion Arabs  Indonesia (200 M) > India (180 M) > Pakistan (160 M) > Bangladesh (120 M) > China (80 M) > Egypt (70 M) There are about 20 M Christian Arabs  Egypt > Syria > Lebanon > Palestine > Iraq About 7 M Muslims in the USA, 3-4 M are Arabs  Roughly half of the Arab Americans are Christians