1. WIRE CONDUCTIVITY AT VARYING TEMPERATURES Tyler Bodway Austin “ The Ohms” Sattler Mr. Spangler Advanced Chemistry WHS

2. Electricity is the flow of electrons Conductivity is how easily these electrons can flow through a material Resistance is the electron loss as an electric current flows through a material Electrical Resistivity is defined as {ρ= E/J} Where ρ is ohms, E is electrical field magnitude And j is current density magnitude

3. Q: WHAT MATERIAL AND AT WHAT TEMPERATURE IS IDEAL FOR CONDUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY HypothesisA: COPPER, FOR ITS MOST COMMON HOUSEHOLD USE, AND AT THE COLDEST TEMPERATURE POSSIBLE DUE TO BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

4. WE BEGAN OUR EXPERIMENT WITH TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRE, COPPER AND ALUMINIUM THEN WE FUTHERED OUR VARIETY OF WIRE BY USING ONE SHEATHED AN ONE UNSHEATHED WIRE OF EACH TYPE WE TESTED THE CONDUCTIVITY OF WIRES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. THE TEMPERATURE WAS OUR INDEPENDENT VARIABLE THE CONDUCTIVITY ITSELF WAS OUR DEPENDENT VARIABLE WE CONTROLLED THE TYPE OF WIRE THROUGHOUT EACH TEST, THAT IS THAT THE COPPER TESTS WERE COMPARED TO OTHER COPPER TESTS AND ALUMINUM TESTS WERE ONLY COMPARED TO OTHER ALUMINUM TESTS.

5. Liquid N 2 FreezerFridgeRoom TempOven Sheathed Al0.50.0300.10.2 Aluminum00.050.10.190 Sheathed Cu0.10.010.0010.02 Copper0.01 0.150.190.003 Liquid N2 (-300⁰F) Freezer (30⁰F) Fridge ( 40⁰F) Room Temp Oven (200⁰F) SHEATHING WIRE SWSWSWSW Sheathed Al-10⁰F 40⁰F 50⁰F 65⁰F 95⁰F75⁰F Aluminum-------------10⁰F--------40⁰F------50⁰F-------65⁰F-------85⁰F Sheathed Cu-10⁰F 40⁰F 5050⁰F65⁰F 95⁰F75⁰F Copper-------------10--------40------50⁰F-------65⁰F-------85⁰F

6. THE ALUMINUM – BOTH SHEATHED AND UNCOVERED – SEEMED TO HAVE BEEN MOST EFFICIENT CONDUCTIVITY WISE, IN A FREEZER SETTING COOLED ADEQUETLY THE COPPER HOWEVER WAS LEAST PREDICTABLE WHERE THE SHEATHED WAS MOST EFFICIENT IN EXTREME HEAT TEMPERATURES AND UNCOVERED WAS BEST IN SLIGHTLY COOLED FRIDGE TEMPERATURES THE COPPER TESTS SEEMED FLAWED THEREFORE ACCORDING TO ALUMINUM – UNCOVERED AND SHEATHED – AND UNCOVERED COPPER, AN ADEQUETLY COOLED SETTING FOR CONDUCTIVE WIRE IS BEST FOR EFFICIENCY THIS EVIDENCE PROVIDES THE IDEAL SETTING FOR LAYING LONG DISTANCE AND HOUSE WIRING. WITH THE BEST EFFICIENCY KNOWN, IT WOULD CUT DOWN ON COST AND POLLUTANTS CAUSED BY ENERGY PRODUCTION.

7. We could have gotten an electronic or more exact multimeter. We could have used a thermometer that measured temperature of liquid nitrogen and wire submersed in liquid N 2 Greater wire variety Use a new wire every time More tests and used calculated averages

8. Ruffato, Mr. "Mr. Ruffato Consultation." Personal interview. Fall 2010.