1. The Roaring Twenties 1920 - 1929

2. Isolationism After WWI, under Presidents Harding and Coolidge, America adopted a policy of Isolationism. After WWI, under Presidents Harding and Coolidge, America adopted a policy of Isolationism. Isolationism is the policy of not getting involved in dealings with other countries. Isolationism is the policy of not getting involved in dealings with other countries. The goal was to keep America out of international conflicts. The goal was to keep America out of international conflicts.

3. Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) An agreement to outlaw war signed on August 28, 1928. An agreement to outlaw war signed on August 28, 1928. The goal was to prevent another World War. The goal was to prevent another World War.

4. Red Scare Russian Revolution: In November 1917, Vladimir Lenin and his followers, the Bolsheviks (the Reds), took power. Russian Revolution: In November 1917, Vladimir Lenin and his followers, the Bolsheviks (the Reds), took power. He established a Communist government and renamed Russia, The Soviet Union. He established a Communist government and renamed Russia, The Soviet Union. Lenin encouraged revolutions to take place all over the world to establish Communist governments. Lenin encouraged revolutions to take place all over the world to establish Communist governments.

5. Communism v. Capitalism Government owned all businesses and property Government owned all businesses and property Individuals had no rights that the government had to respect Individuals had no rights that the government had to respect Only one political party is allowed (Communist Party Only one political party is allowed (Communist Party Private (individual) ownership of business and property Private (individual) ownership of business and property Individuals are guaranteed rights that the government must protect Individuals are guaranteed rights that the government must protect Many political parties are allowed Many political parties are allowed

6. Palmer Raids Attorney General, Palmer Mitchell, wanted to stop Communists from taking over the United States. Attorney General, Palmer Mitchell, wanted to stop Communists from taking over the United States. He raided thousands of homes and businesses run by those whom he thought were Communists. He raided thousands of homes and businesses run by those whom he thought were Communists. He arrested them and usually deported them. He arrested them and usually deported them. The Palmer Raids are an example of the Red Scare

7. Sacco & Vanzetti Italian immigrants put on trial for shooting and killing two men during a holdup at a shoe factory near Boston. Italian immigrants put on trial for shooting and killing two men during a holdup at a shoe factory near Boston. Found guilty and put to death in the electric chair. Found guilty and put to death in the electric chair. An example of the Red Scare. An example of the Red Scare.

8. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) During the 1920s, KKK membership rose to over 4 million – example of the Red Scare During the 1920s, KKK membership rose to over 4 million – example of the Red Scare Organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups – Blacks, Communists, Jews, Catholics Organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups – Blacks, Communists, Jews, Catholics

9. Prohibition

10. 18 th Amendment Submitted by Congress in 1917, after the U.S. entered WWI Submitted by Congress in 1917, after the U.S. entered WWI Banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors. Banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors. Ratified on Ratified on January 29, 1919.

11. Volstead Act Law that officially enforced the Eighteenth Amendment of Prohibition Law that officially enforced the Eighteenth Amendment of Prohibition Did not stop Americans from drinking Did not stop Americans from drinking Alcohol was available at “Speakeasies” Alcohol was available at “Speakeasies”

12. Bootleggers People who sell illegal alcohol to consumers. People who sell illegal alcohol to consumers. Organized Crime (mafia) controlled most of the bootlegging operations in the United States. Organized Crime (mafia) controlled most of the bootlegging operations in the United States.

13. Al Capone Criminals formed large, efficient organizations that controlled the distribution of alcohol Criminals formed large, efficient organizations that controlled the distribution of alcohol –Successful bootleggers often expanded into other illegal activities: gambling, prostitution, & racketeering (racketeering is illegal activity that benefits organized crime organization) –Al Capone ran the most notorious gang

14. Organized crime was dangerous, as shown here in the aftermath of the St. Valentine’s Day massacre, where members Al Capone’s Italian mob murdered 7 people, most of them members of Chicago’s Irish mob.

15. 21 st Amendment By 1932, Prohibition had worn out it’s welcome. Senator John Blaine of Wisconsin proposed the 21 st Amendment which repealed the 18 th Amendment. By 1932, Prohibition had worn out it’s welcome. Senator John Blaine of Wisconsin proposed the 21 st Amendment which repealed the 18 th Amendment. This meant that it was legal for adults in the United States to drink alcohol again once the amendment was adopted in 1933 This meant that it was legal for adults in the United States to drink alcohol again once the amendment was adopted in 1933

16. Modernism v. Fundamentalism Philosophy that emphasizes science and secular ideas. Philosophy that emphasizes science and secular ideas. Popular in urban areas Popular in urban areas Philosophy that emphasizes traditional and religious ideas. Philosophy that emphasizes traditional and religious ideas. Every word in the Bible is the literal truth. Every word in the Bible is the literal truth. Popular in rural areas Popular in rural areas

17. Evolution and The Scopes Trial Clash of Modernism v. Fundamentalism Clash of Modernism v. Fundamentalism Johns Scopes, a high school biology teacher in Tennessee, taught Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. This was illegal. Johns Scopes, a high school biology teacher in Tennessee, taught Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. This was illegal.

18. 1925 Scopes Trial (Monkey Trial) Clarence Darrow and Wiiliam Jennings Bryan Scopes Lawyer and Scopes Prosecutor

19. 1925 Scopes Trial (Monkey Trial) Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 The conflict of evolution still continues today. The conflict of evolution still continues today.

20. Consumer Revolution: Installment Buying In the 1920s, a flood of new, affordable products became available to the public. In the 1920s, a flood of new, affordable products became available to the public. Those who did not have the cash, good buy these products using installment buying – Consumers would make a small down payment and then pay off the rest in regular monthly payments. Those who did not have the cash, good buy these products using installment buying – Consumers would make a small down payment and then pay off the rest in regular monthly payments.

21. Stock Market During the 1920s, stock prices began to rise. More and more Americans bought stock in hopes of getting rich quick. During the 1920s, stock prices began to rise. More and more Americans bought stock in hopes of getting rich quick. Buying on Margin allowed people to buy a stock by only putting down 10% of what the stock was worth and then paying the balance over a matter of months. Buying on Margin allowed people to buy a stock by only putting down 10% of what the stock was worth and then paying the balance over a matter of months.

22. Consumer Revolution: Automobile and other new products Henry Ford, with the use of mass production and the assembly line, allowed his cars to be produced cheaply and make the selling price affordable for most Americans. Henry Ford, with the use of mass production and the assembly line, allowed his cars to be produced cheaply and make the selling price affordable for most Americans. By 1927, a Model T sold for only $290. By 1927, a Model T sold for only $290.

23. Mass Media Radio and Phonograph helped produce a standardized culture. Radio and Phonograph helped produce a standardized culture. Radios brought distant events into millions of homes. Radios brought distant events into millions of homes. Phonograph allowed people to listen to the songs they heard on the radio anytime they wanted. Phonograph allowed people to listen to the songs they heard on the radio anytime they wanted.

24. Mass Media - Movies Most movies in the 1920s were silent movies. Movies only cost a few cents to see. Most movies in the 1920s were silent movies. Movies only cost a few cents to see. Famous movie stars of the time – Charlie Chaplin, Rudolf Valentino Famous movie stars of the time – Charlie Chaplin, Rudolf Valentino Silent movies were replaced with “talkies” with the 1927 movie The Jazz Singer. Silent movies were replaced with “talkies” with the 1927 movie The Jazz Singer.

25. American Sports Heroes Babe Ruth – Baseball Babe Ruth – Baseball Red Grange – Football Red Grange – Football Jack Dempsey – Boxing Jack Dempsey – Boxing Bobby Jones – Golf Bobby Jones – Golf Bill Tilden - Tennis Bill Tilden - Tennis

26. American Heroes Charles Lindbergh (Lucky Lindy) Charles Lindbergh (Lucky Lindy) Flew solo across the Atlantic from New York to Paris. Flew solo across the Atlantic from New York to Paris. Single engine plane – The Spirit of St. Louis Single engine plane – The Spirit of St. Louis Flight took 33-1/2 hours Flight took 33-1/2 hours

27. Women’s Changing Roles The Flapper – more liberated, wore dresses with shorter hems, wore makeup, hair was cut in a “bob”, lived for her own happiness The Flapper – more liberated, wore dresses with shorter hems, wore makeup, hair was cut in a “bob”, lived for her own happiness

28. Women’s Changing Roles Once women got the right to vote, NAWSA encouraged women to run for office. Once women got the right to vote, NAWSA encouraged women to run for office. NWP pushed for an equal rights amendment NWP pushed for an equal rights amendment Nellie Tayloe Ross First woman governor Wyoming (1924)

29. Modern Art and Literature WWI changed the way writers and artists viewed the world. WWI changed the way writers and artists viewed the world. They became cynical and pessimistic They became cynical and pessimistic Art was less representational more abstract Art was less representational more abstract

30. Lost Generation Writer’s in the 1920s who no longer had faith in society and disillusioned with American life Writer’s in the 1920s who no longer had faith in society and disillusioned with American life Many of them moved to Europe, mostly France, because of this. Many of them moved to Europe, mostly France, because of this. Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald

31. Harlem Renaissance “Rebirth” of African- American culture “Rebirth” of African- American culture “New Negro” – would not tolerate the old ways of exploitation and discrimination “New Negro” – would not tolerate the old ways of exploitation and discrimination Harlem attracted African American novelists, poets and journalists Harlem attracted African American novelists, poets and journalists Langston Hughes Zora Neale Hurston

32. Jazz Musical style and symbol of the 1920s Musical style and symbol of the 1920s Demonstratio n of the depth and richness of African American culture. Demonstratio n of the depth and richness of African American culture.

33. Marcus Garvey “Back to Africa” movement “Back to Africa” movement Promoted Black Nationalism Promoted Black Nationalism Was in favor of separating the races Was in favor of separating the races The Nation of Islam and the Black Power Movement of the 1960s owed much of their philosophy to Marcus Garvey. The Nation of Islam and the Black Power Movement of the 1960s owed much of their philosophy to Marcus Garvey.