1. Chapter 21 The Rise of Progressivism

3. Varieties of Progressivism Anti-Monopoly: the fear of centralized power Anti-Monopoly: the fear of centralized power Social Cohesion: individuals are not autonomous but part of a great web Social Cohesion: individuals are not autonomous but part of a great web Knowledge: applying the principles of natural and social sciences to society Knowledge: applying the principles of natural and social sciences to society Modern Government: must play a role to improve society Modern Government: must play a role to improve society

4. SOCIAL REFORMERS Jane Addams Pioneer in the field of social work who founded the settlement house movement through the establishment of Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. Jane Addams Pioneer in the field of social work who founded the settlement house movement through the establishment of Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. Margaret Sanger Educated urban poor about the benefits of family planning through birth control. She founded the organization that became Planned Parenthood. Margaret Sanger Educated urban poor about the benefits of family planning through birth control. She founded the organization that became Planned Parenthood.

5. Cont. Booker T. Washington Former slave who founded the Tuskegee Institute that focused on teaching African-Americans trade skills to earn a living and gain the trust of white society. Booker T. Washington Former slave who founded the Tuskegee Institute that focused on teaching African-Americans trade skills to earn a living and gain the trust of white society. W.E.B. DuBois Founder of the NAACP, and a Harvard-educated professor who focused on the need for a traditional liberal arts education for African-Americans who could then insist upon equal treatment and rights from white society W.E.B. DuBois Founder of the NAACP, and a Harvard-educated professor who focused on the need for a traditional liberal arts education for African-Americans who could then insist upon equal treatment and rights from white society

6. Muckrakers Crusading journalists who dug up things we did not want to see Crusading journalists who dug up things we did not want to see Investigated government, labor unions, etc Investigated government, labor unions, etc Explored problems in child labor, prostitution, family, immigration Explored problems in child labor, prostitution, family, immigration

10. Social Gospel Started in 1900 Started in 1900 Christian welfare organization with military and ministry structure Christian welfare organization with military and ministry structure

11. Hull House

12. Founded in Chicago by Jane Addams in 1889 Founded in Chicago by Jane Addams in 1889 Helped immigrant families in language and customs Helped immigrant families in language and customs Led to the profession of Social Workers Led to the profession of Social Workers

13. Rise in Professions 1901 – American Medical Association 1901 – American Medical Association Women: Women: –Social Workers –Nursing –Librarians –Grammar School teachers – 90% of professional women

14. Women and Reform Technology innovations (Tin Can, etc) Technology innovations (Tin Can, etc) Declining family size Declining family size Rise in Education Rise in Education Shunned marriage Shunned marriage “Boston Marriage” “Boston Marriage” Divorce rate goes up Divorce rate goes up

15. Women Suffrage

18. The fight for women to vote The fight for women to vote Supported by both men and women Supported by both men and women National American Women Suffrage Association National American Women Suffrage Association –1893 – 13,000 –1917 – 2 million –By 1919 – 39 states had granted women the right to vote in state elections

20. Opponents Threat to the natural order Threat to the natural order Women were made mans helper Women were made mans helper Man dominated society Man dominated society Suffrage would lead to Suffrage would lead to –Promiscuity –Looseness –Neglect of children

21. THE ASSAULT ON THE PARTIES Secret Ballot Secret Ballot –Between 1880 – 1890 states adopted secret ballots  Australian Ballot –Printed at government expense –Distributed at the polls –Listed all candidates –Secret

22. Municipal Reform Commissioner Plan Commissioner Plan –Galveston Texas 1900 –Mayor and city council replaced by an elected nonpartisan commission City-Manager Plan City-Manager Plan –Elected officials hire an outside expert

23. State Reform Most in the mid west (Wisconsin) Most in the mid west (Wisconsin) –Initiative: going around the legislature and submit new legislation to the voter –Referendum: legislatures could submit actions to the voters –Direct Primary: give people the ability to pick candidates –Recall: ability for the voter to remove a public official from office

25. CRUSASES FOR ORDER AND REFORM Temperance Movement Temperance Movement –Women’s Christian Temperance Union  Largest women’s organization in American history – 1911 –Anti Saloon league –18 th Amend – Jan 1920 – prohibited sale, manufacture, distribution of alcohol in US

27. Socialism Agreed on the need for basic structural changes in the economy Agreed on the need for basic structural changes in the economy Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) –Known as Wobblies –A single union for all workers and abolition of the “wage slave” system

28. Progressive Era Amendments 16th (1913)Granted Congress the power to tax income. 16th (1913)Granted Congress the power to tax income. 17th (1913)Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators. 17th (1913)Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators. 18th (1919)Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol. 18th (1919)Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol. 19th (1920)Provided women suffrage (voting). 19th (1920)Provided women suffrage (voting).