1. Rates in Fluid Systems Volume Flow Rate = Δ in volume / time interval V = ΔV / Δt = cross sectional area x fluid speed V = Aν – Units of measurement: m 3 /s, ft 3 /min, liters/h, etc.

2. Mass Flow Rate = Δ in mass / time interval m = Δm / Δt = fluid density x cross sectional area x fluid speed m = ρAv – Units of measurement: g/s, kg/min, slug/hr, etc.

3. Applications of Fluid Rates Bottling plants City water supply systems Air compressors The space shuttle Can you thin of anything else?

4. Rate in Electrical Systems The flow of charge is called the current it is the rate at which electric charges pass though a conductor. – The charged particle can be either positive or negative.

5. Measuring Current and Voltage Ammeters measure current in electrical circuits. Voltmeters measure potential difference (voltage) in electrical circuits. What are the two types of electrical circuits?

6. Series CircuitParallel Circuit

7. Ohm’s Law Resistors Resistors Voltage = Current x Resistance V = I x R V- volts I- amperes R-ohms What is the current of a circuit that has 3 V and 0.5 ohm of resistance? What is the resistance if voltage is 3.0 V and current is 1.5 A?

8. Rate in Thermal Systems Conductors vs. Insulators Transfer of thermal energy – Conduction Transfer of thermal energy when here is a temperature difference between adjacent parts (ie. Touching a hot surface) – Convection Transfer of heat by the movement of fluids (ie. Heat form a fire) – Radiation Thermal energy transferred as a wave. (ie. Sunlight)

9. Assignment Answer 1 – 5 pg 146 – 147 Answer 1-5 pg 155, sketch and identify circuits in #11 pg 156 Answer 1-3 pg. 164 Drop me your acceleration Lab from last week