1. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and Temperature Measurement
THERMODYNAMICS DAY 1

2. study of laws that govern
THERMODYNAMICS
study of laws that govern
availability of energy
direction of energy flow
conversion of energy
how energy transformations relate to the properties of matter

3. ENERGY* Chemical Electrical Solar Internal Energy Nuclear
Mechanical
Internal Energy
Energy in transit
Work
Heat
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy

4. CONCEPT CHECK 
An iron rod with temperature T1 is connected to a copper ring with temperature T2 for a long period of time. If we separate the metals, the final temperature of the iron rod is ___.
less than T1
greater than T1
less than T2
greater than T2
approximately equal to the final temperature of the copper ring

5. ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
“If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then objects A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.”

6. CONCEPT CHECK  Two bodies are in thermal equilibrium when ___
both are insulated.
both have the same volume.
both have the same temperature.
both interact with different bodies at different temperatures.
one is cold and the other is hot.

7. THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
Two objects in thermal equilibrium with each other are at the same temperature.

8. CONCEPT CHECK 
Which of the following statement(s) about temperature is(are) incorrect?
Temperature is “hotness”.
Temperature is a measure of heat.
Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy.
Temperature is what a thermometer says.

9. TEMPERATURE: macroscopic def’n
quantity that tells how warm or cold a substance is with respect to some standard

10. Freezing point of water
TEMPERATURE SCALES
SCALE
Freezing point of water
Boiling point of water T
Celsius
0 C
100 C
100 C
Fahrenheit
32 F
212 F
180 F
Kelvin
273 K
373 K
100 K

11. Temperature Conversion

12. TEMPERATURE: microscopic def’n
related to the kinetic energies of the molecules of the substance

13. CONCEPT CHECK 
A newspaper article about the weather states that “the temperature of a body measures how much heat the body contains.” Is this description correct?

14. HEAT
energy transfer from one object to another object as a result of a difference in temperature between the two

15. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Temperature cannot be directly measured; but many properties of matter that we can measure depend on temperature.

16. THERMOMETRIC PROPERTIES
mercury glass thermometer
volume
gas thermometer
pressure
physical properties that change with temperature
thermocouple
Seebeck effect
thermistor
resistance
ear thermometer
EM radiation

17. Question
Why does a nurse taking your temperature wait for the thermometer reading to stop changing?

18. Conditions necessary for temperature measurement
In thermal contact – can exchange energy in the form of heat
In thermal equilibrium – has achieved the same temperature

19. Zeroth Law and Temperature Measurement
Choose reference points
Construct a scale
Mark temperature readings of the reference points
MERCURY
BODY
REFERENCE

20. QUIZ (1/4 sheet), show solution
You propose a new temperature scale, with temperatures given in °M. You define 0.0 °M to be the normal melting point of Mercury and °M to be the normal boiling point of Mercury.
A temperature change of 10.0 M° corresponds to how many C°?
What is the normal boiling point of water in °M?