1. VOLCANOES MS. SCERRA

2. WORD ORIGIN  Romans believed in Vulcan, their god of fire.  They thought that Vulcan worked at a hot forge, striking sparks as he made swords and armor for the other gods.  Hawaiians told legends of the wanderings of Pele, their goddess of fire.  Pele was chased from her homes by her sister Namaka, goddess of the sea. Pele moved constantly from one Hawaiian island to another, until she settled in the mountain Kilauea.  Kilauea is on the big island of Hawaii and is still active. The islanders believe it is the god Pele.

3. VOLCANIC DEFINITIONS  Magma – melted or molten rock beneath the surface of the earth.  Lava – when magma pours forth on the surface of the earth.  Volcanic eruption – when magma pushes its way up through cracks, holes, or tubes.

4. A VOLCANO CAN BE 2 THINGS:  A hole in the ground that lava comes through.  A hill or mountain formed by lava.  Mount Rainier – in the state of Washington is a volcano. Has not erupted since 1882.  Mount St. Helens – On March 27, 1980 it started to spout ashes and steam and continued to bring earthquakes each day.  Until Mid-May the mountain began to swell up and crack.

5. SUNDAY, MAY 18 AT 8:32AM THE MOUNTAIN ERUPTED WITH AN INCREDIBLE FORCE!!!  The energy released in the eruption was equal to ten million tons of dynamite!!  60 people lost their lives as hot gases, rocks, and ashes covered an area of 230 square miles.  Hundreds of houses and cabins were destroyed.  Miles of highways, roads, and railways were damaged.  Entire forests were blown down like rows of matchsticks.

7. ICELAND IS A VOLCANIC ISLAND IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC  It was formed along the mid-Atlanic Ridge because as magma rose up, it built up and formed an island.  Iceland has over 30 active volcanoes.  The most recent to erupt in 2010, causing flight cancellations for 6 days from the ash.

8. MOST VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES ARE ALONG THE EDGES OF THE LARGE PACIFIC PLATE “THE RING OF FIRE”  Few of the volcanoes are on the edge of the plate.  The only island state of the US is located in the middle of the plate, Hawaii is made from a hot spot.

9. HOT SPOTS  Develop over a mantle plume and as the plates move over and magma builds up, volcanic islands are created. Develop over a mantle plume and as the plates move over and magma builds up, volcanic islands are created.  http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_s cience/terc/content/visualizations/es0904/ es0904page01.cfm http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_s cience/terc/content/visualizations/es0904/ es0904page01.cfm

10. HAWAIAN ERUPTIONS ARE GENTLE AND CREATE 2 KINDS OF FLOWS AA – thick, slow moving that hardens into rough tangle of sharp rocks. Pahoehoe – thin, hot quick-moving lava that forms smooth, billowy surface.

11. SHIELD VOLCANOES  Shaped like an ancient warrior’s shield. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VfsKoH-ScA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VfsKoH-ScA  Volcanoes with broad, gentle slopes and built by the eruption of fluid basalt lava.  The largest volcanoes on Earth! Mauna Loa Kilauea

12. CINDER CONE VOLCANOES  The simplest type of volcano.  They erupt explosively, blowing out burning ashes and cinders. The ashes and cinders build up to form the cone shape.  Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit and rarely rise more than a thousand feet or so above their surroundings.  Ex: Paracutin in Mexico and Cerro Negro in Nicaragua  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aS_xl3nu_mY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aS_xl3nu_mY

13. COMPOSITE VOLCANOES  Symmetrical cones of large dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and bombs.  They may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases.  Some of the most conspicuous and beautiful mountains in the world  Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Shasta in California, Mount Hood in Oregon, and Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier in Washington  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- H_HZVY1tT4&list=TLqcxkD47YpzhA6te8fFiSLMSaz YpRW0Np http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- H_HZVY1tT4&list=TLqcxkD47YpzhA6te8fFiSLMSaz YpRW0Np

14. REALLY COOL VIDEO!!!  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DceHEBGVfj4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DceHEBGVfj4  Try to list all 10  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aYQixhdWY4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aYQixhdWY4