1. Spirit of Expansion Sweeps into Texas

2. Jim Bowie William Travis Sam Houston Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Davy
Crocket

4. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836
Sam Houston ( )
Steven Austin ( )

5. Pg DRAW MAP

6. TEXAS -Stephen Austin (1st leads settlers into Texas ) Empresarios
Mexico invites settlers ( Difficulties Increase )
Americans push for more political control – WAR PARTY develops

8. Texas Declaration of Independence

9. The Republic of Texas

10. Remember the Alamo!

11. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

12. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo
The Battle of the Alamo
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

13. Santa Anna becomes Dictator of Mexico
1835 Santa Anna Marches North Feb. 23-March 6 “Battle of Alamo” (hold off for 13 days) * William Travis
Battle at San Jacinto River (April 1836)
Sam Houston Pres. “Lone Star Republic”
Debate over Border : Rio Grande / Nueces
Dec. 29, 1845 Texas becomes 28th State

14. Texas Annexation 1845 The Democrats and Expansion Polk Elected
U.S. agrees to annex Texas 1845
Texas /Mexico Border Dispute
U.S. states Rio Grande River
Mexico claims Nueces River
Mexican order to prohibit U.S immigration to CA
Bear Flag Independence Revolt 1845
James K. Polk (Portrait Gallery)

15. War with Mexico War attitudes SPLIT Americans Rising Tensions
Texas Statehood
Rio Grande v Nueces Border
Polk sends Zachary Taylor to “defend” the territory 3,000 troops (Border Incidents – Sparks WAR)
War attitudes SPLIT Americans
Pro / Anti

16. The Mexican War ( )

17. War Plan 3 Part Plan California (Bear Flag Republic)
Secure the Border with Texas
Seize New Mexico, Nevada & California
Seize Mexico City (capital)
California (Bear Flag Republic)
Kearny marches West
Gen. Winfred Scott captures Mexico City

18. The Bear Flag Republic
The Revolt 
June 14, 1845
John C. Frémont

19. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto
“Old Rough and Ready”

20. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

21. General Scott Enters Mexico City
“Old Fuss and Feathers”

22. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
Nicholas Trist, American Negotiator

23. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico Region.
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).

24. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
Nicholas Trist, American Negotiator

25. The Mexican Cession

26. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) -Texas & the Rio Grande River -New Mexico & California ($15 mil.)
Gadsden Purchase (1853) $10 mil southern New Mexico & Arizona
after the war? (slavery) Does slavery go into new territories? -growing gap between North & South
WILMOT PROVISO NO Slavery in the Southwestern Territories

27. Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA)
Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA)

28. Territorial Growth to 1853

29. Mormons Settle Utah (Desert) Brigham Young – Salt Lake City
1848 Utah becomes a U.S. territory
1896 becomes a state

30. 1847 Brigham Young (successor) leads Mormons WEST
Mormon Migration
1827, NY, Joseph Smith creates church of Mormon
Navuoo, Illinois murdered
1847 Brigham Young (successor) leads Mormons WEST
Mormon Trail (Oregon Trail)
Salt Lake
Oregon Territory Boundary Dispute
Britain v. America

32. California Gold Rush, 1849
49er’s

33. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848
Oregon Trail brings thousands of settlers West. Many go into Northern California and start settlements that bring more settlers
John A. Sutter

35. Gold and Silver Strikes
- The CA Gold Rush began in 1849, attracting thousands of gold hunters known as forty-niners.

36. Boom Towns & Ghost Towns Vigilantes
California Gold Rush (John Sutter) by ,000 flood the area ”Forty Niners” - San Franciso (unmarried men)
Mining Frontier -gold strikes spread Colorado, Western Canada, Nevada, Montana, Idaho
Boom Towns & Ghost Towns
Vigilantes
Create local justice

38. Major "Strikes" in the California Gold Rush
In 1852 the take for the year was $80 million ($1.9 billion in 2005 dollars).
1. Sutter's Mill/Coloma Jan. 24, 1848 James Marshall kicked off the California gold rush when he spotted some pea-sized bits of gold in a mill raceway. The news brought thousands of prospectors to the area, but neither Marshall nor his employer John Sutter prospered from the find.
8. Comstock Lode | 1859 The discovery of silver on the other side of the Sierras in Nevada brought an end to the California gold rush; at its height, about $80 million (some $1.9 billion in 2005 dollars) had been pulled annually from the gold fields, but that figure had fallen by almost half when the Comstock Lode was discovered.

39. Boomtowns - towns that grew up near major mining sites
· Some boom towns developed into cities, such as Denver, CO, and Reno, NV.
Reno, Nevada 1997
Reno, Nevada c.1868

40. · Many of these new towns became abandoned ghost towns when the ore disappeared.
Silver City, Idaho

42. Compromise of 1850

43. Subject of Slavery Won’t Die
CALIFORNIA Statehood FIGHT
1) POPULAR SOVERIGNTY in the Southwest Territories
the people in the territory would decide (vote) on whether to become a Slave or Free State
2) Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
personalizes the issue of slavery to northerners
Personal Liberty Laws (nullification)

45. Westward the Course of Empire Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

46. Compromise of 1850