1. A Century of Expansion
“The Realization of America’s Destiny”:

2. Before Independence Britain wins the French & Indian War
Colonial expansion restricted by the Proclamation Line of 1763

3. Gains of the Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris
Living space from Appalachians west to the Mississippi River
Eases population pressure on the Atlantic seaboard

4. Northwest Ordinance (1787)
The following three principal provisions were ordained in the document:
(1) a division of the Northwest Territory into "not less than three nor more than five States";
(2) a three-stage method for admitting a new state to the Union—with a congressionally appointed governor, secretary, and three judges to rule in the first phase; an elected assembly and one nonvoting delegate to Congress to be elected in the second phase, when the population of the territory reached "five thousand free male inhabitants of full age"; and a state constitution to be drafted and membership to the Union to be requested in the third phase when the population reached 60,000;
(3) a bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the right to a writ of habeas corpus, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights. In addition the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery.

5. Implication of Northwest Ordinance
What happens after the Louisiana Purchase when the number of possible states will increase?
How will the interests of the slave holding and non-slave holding states be balanced?
What rights to the Native Americans hold under this ordinance?

6. The Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon and France did not hold onto it for long!

7. The Louisiana Purchase
In 1803 President Jefferson just wanted New Orleans.
Sec. of State Madison got all 900,000 acres for $15 million.

8. The Louisiana Purchase
Was the purchase legal?
What did we just buy? Lewis and Clark Expedition – The Corp of Discovery (Stephen Ambrose – Undaunted Courage)

9. Lewis & Clark / Corp of Discovery
Lewis & Clark expedition reaches the Pacific Ocean
Which nations might be concerned by U.S. expansion/encroachment?

10. Unfinished Business in Florida
Spain - weakened and distracted by revolution
Seminole Indians rise up against settlers
General Andrew Jackson invades in 1818 and defeats the Seminole Natives
Transcontinental Treaty (Adams-Onis) 1819

11. Need arises because of the slavery issue
Missouri Compromise
Need arises because of the slavery issue

12. Missouri Compromise - 1820 Missouri added as a slave state
Maine added as a free state
Will new latitude boundary be enforced?
Issue of slavery temporarily solved

13. Don’t Mess with Texas: Independence & the Mexican-American War
Mexico gains freedom from Spain
Stephen F. Austin founds the colony of Texas – 1822
Texas War for Independence

14. Don’t Mess with Texas: Independence & the Mexican-American War
-Annexation of Texas: 1845
-President James K. Polk defends U.S. actions & interests
-Mexican-American War:
-The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

15. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
The land that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo brought into the United States became, between 1850 and 1912, all or part of ten states: California (1850),Nevada (1864), Utah (1896), and Arizona (1912),  Texas (1845) that then included partsKansas (1861), Colorado (1876), Wyoming (1890), Oklahoma (1907), and New Mexico (1912). 

16. Gadsden Purchase: 1853 30,000 sq. miles for $10 million
Done primarily for mining & railroad interests

17. Oregon Country: Claiming the Northwest Territories
American interest grows after Lewis & Clark expedition
2,000 mile journey on the Oregon Trail to get there

18. Oregon Country: Claiming the Northwest Territories
American settlers want land as far north as possible
54-40’ or Fight argument led by James Polk
Agreement with Britain reached at 49th Parallel

19. Alaska: 1867 Seward’s Folly?

20. Closing of the American Frontier
Quirky History:
The “LOST STATES”
How would the closing of the frontier affect America?
What is the significance of the frontier on American history?