1. Minerals and Rocks Unit Week 18 Directions 1.Prepare your desk for science. 2.Use voice level 2 (conversation) discuss the following question: What is an observation? What is an inference? What is the difference between the two?

2. Targets & Warm Up Targets: Students will distinguish between observations and inferences. Students will understand how fossils tell us more about the Earth. Warm Up: What is an observation? What is an inference? What is the difference between the two?

3. Observations An observation is the gathering of information by using our five senses: – Sight – Smell – Hearing – Taste – Touch

4. Observation Examples The flower has white petals The flower has seven petals Miss Pien has brown eyes Miss Pien has two eyes

5. Inferences Inferences are an explanation for an observation you have made. They are based on your past experiences and prior knowledge.

6. Observations vs. Inferences Observation The grass on the school’s front lawn is wet. Inferences It rained. The sprinkler was on. There is dew on the grass from the morning. A dog went to the bathroom on the grass.

7. Observations vs. Inferences Observation The school fire alarm is going off. Inferences There is a fire in the school. We are having a fire drill. A student pulled the fire alarm.

8. Observations vs. Inferences Observation A student is sitting in the main office. Inferences ?

9. Inference vs. Observation Video

13. Table of Contents DateTitlePage Fossil Observations and Inferences 54 Once you are finished with the Table of Contents, go to page 54 and add the title and date to the top of the page.

14. PART A A time machine has been invented that travels into the past and takes pictures, sending them to the present. You are asked to look at one of the pictures and interpret what you see. Put an “O” before the statements that are observations and an “I” before the statements that are inferences. stegosaurus camptosaurus

15. ______ 1. The volcano is erupting. ______ 2. The camptosaurus is going to eat the stegosaurus. ______ 3. The stegosaurus will run into the water to escape. ______ 4. The camptosaurus is leaving tracks in the ground. ______ 5. The ground where the camptosaurus is walking is wet. ______ 6. There are plants growing in the water. ______ 7. The camptosaurus is going into the water to eat the plants. ______ 8. There is a tree growing next to the river. ______ 9. The tree looks like a palm tree. ______ 10. The climate is warm. ______ 11. The stegosaurus is eating the plant. ______ 12. The stegosaurus is an herbivore. ______ 13. There are bones from a dead animal by the shore. ______ 14. The camptosaurus killed the animal. ______ 15. Some more bones are in the water. ______ 16. The camptosaurus can’t swim and will drown. ______ 17. Lava is corning down the sides of the volcano. ______ 18. The camptosaurus has sharp teeth for eating meat.

16. PART A

17. PART B Suppose you are a paleontologist and you have just discovered a layer of rock with many fossils in it, both petrified bones and tracks. Decide whether the following statements are observations or inferences.

18. ______ 1. There are tracks from three different animals in the rock. ______ 2. One animal was chasing another animal. ______ 3. Two different animals died in this spot. ______ 4. When the animals walked here the ground was wet. ______ 5. One of the animals that died here had bony plates. ______ 6. One of the animals that died here had sharp teeth. ______ 7. The animal that had sharp teeth ate meat.

19. PART B

20. Reflection Questions How can scientists use layers of rocks and fossils to make inferences about the Earth long ago?

21. Table of Contents DateTitlePage Fossils Textbook Questions55 Once you are finished with the Table of Contents, go to page 55 and add the title and date to the top of the page.

22. How do rocks tell a story? Read textbook pg. 244 - 245 and answer these questions in your notebook: 1.What are fossils? 2.What are some examples of fossils? 3.What can scientists learn from studying fossils? List four things they can learn and an example for each one

23. Targets (Revisited) Students will distinguish between observations and inferences. Students will understand how fossils tell us more about the Earth.

24. Homework SubjectHomeworkDue Date ScienceNone Happy New Year! See you in 2015!