1. (2:4) 11th President: James K. Polk (1845-1849)
Manifest Destiny: belief it is God's will the U.S. expands
U.S. Claims Texas and California
Mexican War ( )
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended war
Mexico gives U.S. 500,000 square miles of territory
U.S. Paid Mexico $15 million dollars, plus paid Mexican government debts to Americans
Do they come In as “Free” or “Slave” states?

2. (2:4)

3. (2:4)
The New Territory (California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, parts of Colorado and Wyoming)
Wilmot Provisio: slavery shall not exist in new territories
“Popular Sovereignty”: Each new territory will decide for itself if it wants to be a Free or Slave State
Idea by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan

4. (2:4) California Gold Rush
By 1849, 80,000 people arrived in California (“forty- niners”)
California now had enough people to apply for statehood
15 “Free” states and 15 “Slave” states without California...what would California be?

5. (2:4) The 12th President: Zachary Taylor (1849- 1850)
Died of cholera
The 13th President: Millard Fillmore ( )
Compromise of 1850
Allow California as a “Free State”
Rest of territories would be “Slave”
Congress would not interfere with Slave Trade
Government would help find escaped slaves

6. (2:4) The Fugitive Slave Act Part of the Compromise of 1850
Runaway slaves brought into custody
Judge received $10 if they ruled for the slaveholder, $5 if they ruled for the slave
The Act made many Northerners anti-slavery

7. (2:4) The Underground Railroad
Abolitionists who helped slaves escape to the northern U.S. or Canada

8. (2:4) “Uncle Tom's Cabin” (1852) Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Story of a runaway slave and his evil owner
Created a wave of anti-slavery sentiment in north
Sold millions of copies

9. (2:4) The 14th President: Franklin Pierce (1853- 1857)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Nebraska would be granted “Free State” status, while Kansas would be a “Slave State”
Repealed anti-slavery parts of the Missouri Compromise
South may secede if not
“Bleeding Kansas”
Northerners and Southerners went to Kansas to vote on the slavery question
Armed conflict

10. (2:4) The 15th President: James Buchanan (1857- 1861)
The Dred Scott Decision (1857)
Dredd Scott was a slave taken north to work
He claimed he was now “free”
Case went to the Supreme Court
Ruling: African-Americans were not citizens, so they could not sue in courts

11. (2:4) John Brown's Raid Violent abolitionist
Took over U.S. Armory at Harper's Ferry (Virginia)

12. (2:4) “The Great Triumvirate” John C. Calhoun Henry Clay
Daniel Webster