1. The Economy of GI Simple Applications Make Money Robin Waters 5th ECGIS Workshop, Stresa 1999

2. GI Millionaires ? Who said : ‘I want to help you become millionaires !’ Richard Branson ? George Soros ? Bill Gates ? Geoffrey Robinson Chief Executive of the Ordnance Survey

3. Successes for Geographic Infostructure Road Networks - derived from maps Addresses & Post Codes - geo-referenced Land & Property (Cadastre?) - parcels/buildings

4. GI Products and Services: The Players Originators Agents & Distributors Licensed Publishers Value Added Resellers Data Maintenance and other contractors Joint venture partners

5. Keep it Simple Remember even maps are not simple to many users ! Simple Concepts Simple messages (to market) Simple Interfaces All because we have Simple Users ! And this applies to governments as well !

6. Road Networks - SUCCESS ! Mapping Agency sources Licenced Publishers or Value Added Resellers Original Costs - 100,000s Euros Price to LPs and VARs - 10,000s Euros Product price - 10s Euros What about maintenance/update??

7. Addresses & Post Codes - Partial SUCCESS ! Post Office (& ? Local Gov.) sources Value Added Resellers Geo-coding ENORMOUS universe of users Imperfect but 80/20 applies Originator not amenable to GI market pressures.

8. Land & Property Information Partial SUCCESS ! State Cadastre or Land Registry (& mapping) Fit for purpose (but still 80/20) Exploitation subject to legal constraints beyond copyright. Right to know versus Right to privacy Basic Map available on-demand but not user friendly ? CD pay as you go - not up to date ?

9. Gazetteer - POSSIBILITY Buildings Gazetteer now being suggested Potentially independent of all agencies Buildings better than parcels - verifiable Occupancy (& multi occupancy) left to VARs Record would include Unique Number, Address, Post Code, Grid Co-ordinates

10. Infostructure Marketing Aim - Maximum utilisation Method - Differential pricing based on value to user Any public funding should be input via the users NOT via providers Public sector USERS must collaborate to agree specifications of products/services

11. Constraints Bureaucracy altruism - benefits to the people - maintenance of standards ‘commercial’ reasons legal reasons (but often just an excuse) political belief human failing Secrecy of information (national/personal)

12. Drivers Social or political necessity Administrative need Commerce & competition Individual enthusiasm Entrepreneurs

13. Metadata (Marketing?) Meteorologists solved it long ago (common requirement, weather knows no borders) Don’t rely on providers !! It is NOT always in their immediate interest to provide metadata - certainly not to a common standard ! Public sector need persuasion or legislation Private sector will do their own but their is trading standards/liability legislation

14. Keep it Simple Simple Concepts Simple messages Simple Interfaces Especially to governments & commissioners

15. and finally…... M aking A ll G overnments G I O riented by R esearch (R ecreation? ) for E urope