2. Welcome to Mr. Conroy’s Science Class

3. co-made by Logan L., Vince D., Angela S., & Kayana C.

4. 4.1 Mechanical and chemical break down of rocks

6. 4.2 Weathering and organic processes from soil

8. 4.3 Human activities affect soil

10. Jeopardy 4.1 4.2 4.3 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 Final Jeopardy

11. $100 Question Topic 4.1 1._________ is the physical or chemical breakdown of rocks. OPTIONS, abrasion, chemical, exfoliation, location, mechanical, rate, weathering

12. $100 Answer Topic 4.1 Weathering

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14. $200 Question Topic 4.1 1.The process of wearing something down by friction is called ________. OPTIONS, abrasion, chemical, exfoliation, location, mechanical, rate, weathering

15. $200 Answer Topic 4.1 abrasion

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17. $300 Question Topic 4.1 1.Ice, plant roots, and moving water can all cause ________ weathering. OPTIONS, abrasion, chemical, exfoliation, location, mechanical, rate, weathering

18. $300 Answer Topic 4.1 Mechanical weathering

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20. $400 Question Topic 4.1 Name and describe three examples of forces that can cause mechanical weathering.

21. $400 Answer Topic 4.1 Ice forming in cracks of rock splitting the rock apart Pressure released from rocks (exfoliation) Grinding down rocks from wind, ice, water (abrasion) Plant roots getting in cracks of rocks and splitting them apart

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23. $500 Question Topic 4.1 Define chemical weathering. Then describe two ways that chemical weathering may occur.

24. $500 Answer Topic 4.1 Chemical weathering is a process by which reactions break down a rock. In the process, these reactions change the composition of the rock. 1. Dissolving minerals in rock from water 2. Rusting is when iron containing minerals react with the air and water breaking down the rock

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26. $100 Question Topic 4.1 _________ is a process in which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off. OPTIONS, abrasion, chemical, exfoliation, location, mechanical, rate, weathering

27. $100 Answer Topic 4.1 exfoliation

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29. Daily Double

30. Daily Double Question Composition and surface area both affect the _________ at which a rock breaks down. OPTIONS, abrasion, chemical, exfoliation, location, mechanical, rate, weathering

31. Daily Double Answer rate

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33. $300 Question Topic 4.1 By breaking rocks down with their roots, plants usually cause A. chemical weathering B. mechanical weathering C. desertification D. terracing

34. $300 Answer Topic 4.1 mechanical weathering

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36. $400 Question Topic 4.1 Mechanical is the breaking up of rocks by physical forces. Listed below are four examples that cause mechanical weathering. Explain how each of the four can cause mechanical weathering. (ice, plant roots, pressure release, moving water)

37. $400 Answer Topic 4.1 Ice forming in cracks of rock splitting the rock apart Pressure released from rocks (exfoliation) Moving water grinding down rocks from wind, ice, water (abrasion) Plant roots getting in cracks of rocks and splitting them apart

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39. $500 Question Topic 4.1 You are studying two different rock samples. You are interested in learning which rock sample will weather more quickly in its native location. What factors might you want to study? How do these factors affect the rate of weathering?

40. $500 Answer Topic 4.1 Rocks surface area will affect the rate (the greater the surface area the faster the weathering) Composition of the rock (softer rocks will break down quicker than harder rocks) Climate (heat and moisture speed up weathering, cold and dry regions slow down weathering, cold wet regions speed up weathering from ice wedging)

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42. $100 Question Topic 4.2 True or False- Soil is made up of water, air, weathered rock particles, and organic matter?

43. $100 Answer Topic 4.2 True

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45. $200 Question Topic 4.2 True or False- The decayed organic matter in soil is called mineral sediment?

46. $200 Answer Topic 4.2 False

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48. $300 Question Topic 4.2 Soil chemistry refers to the spaces between soil particles?

49. $300 Answer Topic 4.2 False

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51. $400 Question Topic 4.2 A location that supports a lot of plant and animal life will likely have a soil profile with a. a thick A horizon b. no A horizon c. a thick C horizon d. no C horizon

52. $400 Answer Topic 4.2 a thick A horizon

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54. $500 Question Topic 4.2 Explain the difference in texture of soils and why it is important to have a higher percentage of one particle size over another. Compare the permeability of each soil type.

55. $500 Answer Topic 4.2 Texture is important in soil because it tells you the permeability of soil. Sand is the most permeable but not the best soil. Clay is the finest soil texture and least permeable. Silt is the middle size and ideal for water filtration.

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57. $100 Question Topic 4.2 True or False- The soil profile in a location may consist of an A horizon, a B horizon, and a C horizon?

58. $100 Answer Topic 4.2 True

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60. $200 Question Topic 4.2 Plants are the only organisms that affect the characteristics of soil?

61. $200 Answer Topic 4.2 False

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63. $300 Question Topic 4.2 Acid rain causes chemical weathering by A. dissolving minerals in rocks B. wearing away the surface of rocks C. tumbling rocks against each other D. freezing and expanding in rocks

64. $300 Answer Topic 4.2 dissolving minerals in rocks

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66. $400 Question Topic 4.2 When people fertilize and aerate their lawns, what are they trying to take the place of that happens naturally in a forest?

67. $400 Answer Topic 4.2 Aerating the lawn provides pore spaces in the soil. Small animals, insects, earthworms all do this naturally. Fertilizing the lawn is replacing nutrients such as nitrogen which is normally replaced when decomposers break down organic matter

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69. $500 Question Topic 4.2 Describe the four properties of soil listed below. For each property, tell why it is an important characteristics to study. Texture color pore space chemistry

70. $500 Answer Topic 4.2 Texture-tells you the size particles Color-tells you the humus or parent rock Pore space- tells you how well your soil handles water Chemistry –tells you the pH of the soil

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72. $100 Question Topic 4.3 Constructing new homes and roads may harm the earths soil resources by… A. removing natural plant cover B. adding minerals to soil C. protecting against erosion D. Breaking down plant remains

73. $100 Answer Topic 4.3 A. removing natural plant cover

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75. $200 Question Topic 4.3 Soil is a necessary resource for humans since it… a.Is made up of many layers of sediment. b. Prevents water from breaking down rocks c. Supports the growth of plants d. Holds sunlight inside the earth

76. $200 Answer Topic 4.3 c. Supports the growth of plants

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78. $300 Question Topic 4.3 In dry regions overgrazing by animal can destroy large amounts of vegetation. This can cause the expansion of… a. mineralization b. desertification c. decomposition d. hydration

79. $300 Answer Topic 4.3 desertification

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81. $400 Question Topic 4.3 Identify and describe three ways in which human land use can harm soils.

82. $400 Answer Topic 4.3 Farming the land- exposing soil, overgrazing, adding fertilizers Using land for construction and development – removing protective plant cover to hold soil in place Mining- removing protective plant cover to hold soil in place

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84. $500 Question Topic 4.3 Explain what each land use practice means and explain how each activity either positively or negatively affects the soil. (overgrazing, desertification, windbreaks, terraces, contour plowing, crop rotation, silt fencing)

85. $500 Answer Topic 4.3 Overgrazing- livestock eating too much vegetation (negative), desertification- removing vegetation or clearing areas to build (can be negative), windbreaks (used in fields to slow wind erosion (good thing), terraces- used to slow water going down hill (good thing), contour plowing –slows water erosion (good), crop rotation-switching crops (good), silt fencing –stops soil erosion (good thing)

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87. $100 Question Topic 4.3 It is important to conserve soil because… A. soil can never be replaced B. soil takes a lot of time to form C. conservation efforts increase erosion D. conservation efforts increase development

88. $100 Answer Topic 4.3 soil takes a lot of time to form

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90. $200 Question Topic 4.3 The physical or chemical breakdown of rocks s called A. erosion B. hydration C. crystallizing D. weathering

91. $200 Answer Topic 4.3 weathering

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93. $300 Question Topic 4.3 Chemical weathering changes rocks through A. physical forces that break rock down B. reactions that change the rock’s composition C. abrasion that wears rock down D. exfoliation that causes flaking

94. $300 Answer Topic 4.3 reactions that change the rock’s composition

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96. $400 Question Topic 4.3 Which climate type has conditions for the fastest chemical weathering? A. cold, wet B. cold, dry C. hot, wet D. hot, dry

97. $400 Answer Topic 4.3 hot, wet

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99. $500 Question Topic 4.3 Describe how crop rotation and terracing can help farmers protect and conserve soil.

100. $500 Answer Topic 4.3 Overgrazing- livestock eating too much vegetation (negative), desertification- removing vegetation or clearing areas to build (can be negative), windbreaks (used in fields to slow wind erosion (good thing), terraces- used to slow water going down hill (good thing), contour plowing –slows water erosion (good), crop rotation-switching crops (good), silt fencing –stops soil erosion (good thing)

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102. Final Jeopardy Topic

103. Final Jeopardy Question

104. Final Jeopardy Answer Answers will vary

105. Thank You for Playing