1. Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting Chapter 4:
Guided Notes
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2. Earth's external processes
Weathering – ____________________
__________________________
Mass wasting – the transfer of rock material downslope under the influence of gravity
Erosion – the incorporation and trans-portation of material by _____________________________

3. Weathering Two kinds of weathering Mechanical weathering
definition _____________________
Processes of mechanical weathering
________ wedging:
Unloading:
____________ activity:

4. Explain this process
Figure 4.3

5. Explain this process
Figure 4.4 B

6. Weathering Two kinds of weathering Chemical weathering
Definition: _______________________
_________________________________
Most important agent is___________
Oxygen dissolved in water __________materials
Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in water forms _____________and alters the material

7. Weathering Two kinds of weathering Chemical weathering
Weathering of granite
Weathering of potassium feldspar produces_____________, soluble salt (potassium bicarbonate), and silica in solution
_________remains substantially unaltered
Weathering of silicate minerals produces insoluble iron oxides and clay minerals

8. Rates of weathering
Advanced mechanical weathering aids chemical weathering by________ ______________________
Important factors
Rock characteristics
Mineral composition and solubility, as solubility increases, rate of weathering _______________
Physical features such as joints: as jointing increases, rate of weathering _________

9. Explain
Figure 4.2

10. Rates of weathering Important factors Climate
___________ and __________are the most crucial factors
Chemical weathering is most effective in areas of____________________
Mechanical weathering is most effective in areas of ______________________

11. Rates of weathering Differential weathering
Caused by variations in___________________
Creates unusual and spectacular ___________________________________ for example: ________________

12. Explain this picture in terms of weathering
Figure 4.7 A

13. Soil An interface in the Earth system: explain:
Soil is a combination of ______________,
______________, _______________, &_______________

14. What is this a pie chart of?
Figure 4.12

15. Soil Soil texture and structure
Texture refers to the proportions of different particle sizes
Sand (large size)
Silt
________(a mixture of all three sizes) is best suited for plant life

16. What is the name of a soil with 30% clay, 40% sand, 30% Silt?
Figure 4.13