2. Warm-Up 9-12 If a region of a map has contour lines close together what does that tell you about the region? Why do contour lines never overlap? Draw a small contour map of a 100m tall mountain with two peaks.

3. Maps and Topography! To LITHOSPHERE!

4. Rocks

5. What is a Rock? Naturally-occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter.

6. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? Rocks are made up of ONE or MORE minerals.

7. Warm-Up. Happy Friday! What is magma? What is lava? Explain the difference between a rock and a mineral. How do rocks form?

8. Take about 10min to quietly read the article. Then answer the following questions: 1.What activities in your life are dependent upon the successful work of a geologist? 2.How could an understanding of geology help you understand the world around you? 3.What did you find the most interesting about this article? 4.Does anything about this article make you nervous?

9. What is a Rock? Rocks are divided into 3 groups based on how they were formed: IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC

10. Igneous Rocks

11. Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling down of magma or lava.

12. 2 types of igneous rocks Intrusive Extrusive

13. INTRUSIVE rocks cooled slowly INside of the earth. Composed of larger crystals

14. EXTRUSIVE means “out of the earth” It cooled on the surface of the earth and has small crystals Intrusive

15. Crystal forming video!

16. Igneous rocks are classified according to the composition and texture. Composition is the minerals that the rock is made of

17. Felsic rocks: light colored, high silica content

18. Mafic rocks: dark rock, low silica content

19. Texture is the size, shape, arrangement, and distribution of those minerals in the rock. There are 4 textures: glassy, fine-grained, course-grained, and porphyritic. rhyolite

20. Glassy – obsidian

21. Fine-grained - basalt

22. Course-grained - Granite

23. Porphyritic means that it has large crystals with small ones also.

24. Sedimentary Rocks

25. Sediments are pieces of solid material that have been weathered and then deposited

26. Sedimentary rocks are formed when rocks are broken down into sediments (weathered) and compacted together. (Compaction and cementation)

27. Sedimentary rocks are classified 3 classifications: clastic, chemical, organic breccia

28. CLASTIC: 1. They are the most common sedimentary rock 2.Are made from pieces of previous rock 3.Example: “Big Chunks” – Breccia 4.Example: Small pebbles, clay, and sand “glued” together – Conglomerate 5.Example: Small sand grains only = sandstone

29. CHEMICAL ROCKS Formed when a lake or ocean dries up, leaving behind minerals. Calcite, Halite, and Gypsum are examples

30. ORGANIC ROCKS They are formed from the remains of once living things Coal is made from plant remains.

31. Metamorphic Rocks Were once igneous or sedimentary rocks Have been changed because of heat and/or pressure. Very strong rock. Resistant to weathering. Gneiss Schist

32. END

33. Explain the rock cycle in enough detail to relate the cycling of materials - formation and destruction of the three major rock types to the forces responsible: physical and chemical weathering, heat and pressure, deposition, foliation and bedding. The forms of energy that drive the rock cycle include heat and mechanical (gravitational potential) energy.

34. Warm-Up 1.How is an INTRUSIVE igneous rock formed? 2.What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks? 3.When are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

35. The Rock Cycle

36. 1. The rock cycle is the continuous changing and remaking of rocks.

37. http://www.classzone.com/books/ earth_science/terc/content/investi gations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

38. 2. Igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks may be transformed by heat, pressure, and chemical reactions into metamorphic rocks.

39. 3.Metamorphic rocks may be changed or metamorphosed into other metamorphic rocks. They also may be remelted into an igneous rock. Or a metamorphic rock can be weathered to form a sedimentary rock.

40. Heat And Pressure Eroded (broken down) Melted Eroded (broken down) Heat And Pressure Melted

41. 4. Any rock can be changed into another rock!

42. Warm Up 2/6 1.Write 3-5 sentences about anything and everything that you know about rocks. (Things to think/write about: Are there different types of rocks? If so, what makes them different? Why are rocks different colors? Why do rocks have different textures?)

43. Rock Cycle Vocabulary

44. Rock a mixture of one or more minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other materials

45. Sedimentary Rock forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals are left behind by evaporation

46. Examples

47. Metamorphic Rock forms when heat and pressure act on igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rock and change its form or make up.

48. Examples

49. Igneous Rock intrusive or extrusive rock formed when hot magma cools and hardens

50. Examples

51. Rock Cycle model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time

52. Example

53. Sediments loose materials such as rock fragments, dirt, silt, and sand

54. Magma hot, melted rock material beneath the Earth’s surface

55. Weathering surface process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces (wind, rain, temperature, etc)

56. Erosion process in which surface materials (sediments) are worn away and transported from one place to another by water, wind, and glaciers

57. Deposition The process of eroded materials being moved and deposited in another place.

58. Cementation sedimentary rock-forming process in which large sediments are held together by natural cements (matrix) like evaporated mud

59. Compaction process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of small sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above