1. Daily Science (pg. 14) Name the four Earth systems and explain each.
Put the following numbers into scientific notation:
Convert the following:
1.23 meters into millimeters
0.098 kg into dg
104 centiliters into liters
Name one type of map and explain
What are the two types of ways minerals are formed?

2. Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 21

3. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Sediments- pieces of solid material that have been deposited on Earth’s surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation.
When sediments become cemented together, they are called sedimentary rocks
Begins by erosion and weathering

4. Classification of Clastic Sediments
Weathering
Chemical and physical processes that break rock into smaller pieces.
Produces rock and mineral fragments called clastic sediments
Clastic means broken
Classification of Clastic Sediments
PARTICLE SIZE
SEDIMENT
ROCK
>256-2 mm
Gravel
Conglomerate mm
Sand
Sandstone mm
Silt
Siltstone
< mm
Clay
Mudstone

5. Erosion and Transport
The removal and movement of surface materials from one location to another is erosion
Agents of erosion: wind, moving water, gravity, and glaciers.
Always move downhill
When transport stops and sediments settle- deposition.
Particles are sorted into layers depending on their size

6. Lithification
As more sediments are deposited, bottom layers become more compressed.
Lithification- physical and chemical process that form sediments into sedimentary rocks
Begins with compaction
Squeezes water out and sometimes natural gas and oil fill the empty space.

7. Cross- bedding and graded bedding
Cross bedding-forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried forward across a horizontal surface
Graded bedding- depositions where particles are progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom

8. Types of sedimentary rocks
Fossils (a feature of sedimentary rocks)
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
ROCK TYPE
ROCK NAME
METHOD OF FORMATION
Clastic
Coarse Grain
Medium Grain
Fine Grain
Conglomerate or sandstone
Sandstone
Shale
Lithification of clastic sediments
Organic
Calcium Carbonate Shells
plant matter
Limestone
Coal
Accumulation and lithification of living things
Chemical
Calcite
Halite
Gypsum
Rock Salt
Rock gypsum
Precipitation of dissolved minerals from water

9. Metamorphic Rocks
When high temperature and pressure combine to alter the texture, mineralogy, or chemical composition without melting a rock a metamorphic rock is formed.
Meta = change
Morphe = Form

10. Types of metamorphism
Regional metamorphism- when high temperature and pressure effect large regions of Earth’s crust.
Contact metamorphism- when molten rock comes into contact with solid rock
Hydrothermal metamorphism- when very hot water reacts with rock and alters the chemical composition

11. Metamorphic textures
Foliated- characterized by wavy layers and bands of minerals
Nonfoliated- lack long mineral grains in one direction

12. The Rock Cycle
Rocks don’t always remain the same rock that they were formed as.