1. Time, Space, and Development: An Introduction to Economic Geography
Geography 1010B
Tuesday/Thursday
9-11 October 2007
Ian MacLachlan
Questions?

2. Review of Last Wednesday
Regional Economic Structure
Growth and Development: Case of Coalhurst
Economic Sectors
Structural Change, Development
Global and national scale

3. Regional Economic Development Today
Generalize about Regional Economic Development
Modernization Theory
Dependency Theory
Agglomeration
Global Assembly Line
Global Office

4. Theorizing about Economic Development
Shift from empirical representations…
to theoretical generalizations

5. Stages of Economic Development
Walter W. Rostow’s Economic
Development Model

6. Modernization Theory Myth of developmentalism
Inevitability of progress
Exploitation was integral to stages
Competition in a crowded field
Barriers to growth & development

7. Dependency Theory Marxist theory originating in Latin America
Core and periphery concept
Development of core comes at expense of periphery
Colonialism and exploitation by imperial powers
Neocolonialism and exploitation by TNCs

8. Dependency Theory Underdevelopment is an active process
Underdevelopment ‘develops’
Uneven exchange of low value resources for high valued manufactures
Wealth and development of the global core is a product of the poverty and underdevelopment of the periphery

9. Regional Economic Development
Structure and growth
Classification, structural change and economic development
Scales of analysis
Coalhurst
Canada
The World
Tools for thought!

10. Everything in Its Place: Principles of Location
Material inputs
Labour (skills)
Processing costs
Market pull
Government policies

11. Cattle Butchers Packinghouse aristocrats Semiskilled Hazards Knifework
difficult
Hazards
Injuries
Knifework
bravado
Status
stigma

12. Meatpacking wages as a pct. of manufacturing
Comparatively well paid!

13. Everything in Its Place: Principles of Location
Market orientation
Beverages
Perishables
Newspapers (printing)

14. Everything in Its Place: Principles of Location
Raw material orientation
Resource processing
Grain/oilseed mills
Meat packing
Mineral ore concentrators
Forest products
Natural Valley Farms,
Neudorf, Saskatchewan

15. Everything in Its Place: Principles of Location
External economies
Agglomeration effects
Linkages: up and down
Localization economies
Shared access to specialty inputs e.g. labour
Infrastructure (fixed social capital)
Infrastructure
Social capital
Urbanization economies

16. Global Assembly Line Transnational firm
Nineteenth century
Teck-Cominco, Alcan (Rio-Tinto, 2007)
MacMillan-Bloedel (Weyerhaeuser, 1999)
Magna, Bombardier – mfg.
Market access – tariff factories
Global sourcing
Intrafirm trade: 75% of US imports by 1970

17. Global Assembly Line World products, global scale Local products
Export processing zones
Dependent on trade
Local products
Cement blocks
Newspapers
Food service
Global homogenization of preferences?
100 mile diet?

18. Source: Boeing
Everett, WA, largest building in the world

19. Global Office Banking, finance, business services
Back office functions
suburbanization
Offshoring of back offices
Call centres
Technical support
Ireland, India, Moncton, Lethbridge

20. Conclusion Economic activity shapes regions Global trends
Regions constrain economic functions
Economic geography:
How people earn their livings
How livelihood systems vary by region
How economic activities are interconnected in space