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Chapter 7.  Social stratification is the ranking of people or groups in accordance with their access to scarce resources.  Income…money that one has.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 7.  Social stratification is the ranking of people or groups in accordance with their access to scarce resources.  Income…money that one has."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 7

2  Social stratification is the ranking of people or groups in accordance with their access to scarce resources.  Income…money that one has.  Wealth…resources and value one has.  Power…control that one has.  Prestige…recognition and respect one has.  Each layer of stratification is a social class.  Categories of people who hold similar resources and share values and lifestyles.

3  Open system - boundaries between hierarchies may be influenced by people’s achieved statuses.  US  Closed system - boundaries between hierarchies are rigid, people’s positions are set by ascribed status.  Caste System

4  A type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work people do.  Social mobility…movement from one class to another.  Horizontal mobility occurs when people experience a gain or loss in position and/or income that does not produce a change in their place in the class structure.  Vertical mobility is movement up or down the class structure is.

5  Status is determined at birth based on parents’ ascribed characteristics.  Cultural values sustain caste systems and caste systems grow weaker as societies industrialize.  Vestiges of caste systems can remain for hundreds of years after they are “officially” abolished.

6  Extreme form of stratification where people are owned by others.  Throughout recorded history 5 societies have been slave societies:  Ancient Greece  Roman Empire  United States  Caribbean and Brazil.  There are an estimated 30 million people held as slaves worldwide.

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8  Access to resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care.  Affluent people have better life chances because they have greater access to:  quality education  safe neighborhood  nutrition and health care  police protection

9  Marx believed that there would ultimately be two classes; the bourgeoisie (wealthy) and the proletariat (working class).  There is a large poverty problem in America.  Roughly 50 million Americans live in poverty.  Some of the richest in the world live in America.  Roughly 5 million millionaires and 260 billionaires.

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12  50% of US income lies in 20% of the population  84 % of US wealth lies in 20% of the population  Under 4% of the wealth lies in the lowest 20%of the population  Open Class Structure of US  Upper Class  Upper Middle Class  Middle Class  Working Class  Working Poor  Underclass

13  Includes infamous 1%  Approximately 20% of total population  “Old Money”…Rockefellers, Vanderbilt's etc…  Rarely associate outside of class.  Can include lower upper class which is often a result of achieved status.  May be better off financially but have the prestige.

14  40%-50% of Americans  Upper middle class consists of 14% of the population.  Successful business people, politicians, professions etc…  Earn enough to live well and save money  Highly educated.  Middle, middle class is 30% of the population  Most of us  Mix of education

15  Also known as the lower middle class.  Truck drivers, machine operators, skilled labor  Below average income and unstable employment  Lack benefits  Mostly wage workers

16  13 % of the population  Minimum wage workers  Do not earn above the poverty threshold  Low skilled workers

17  12 % of the population  Unemployed  Lack education and skills  Often have disabilities

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19  Absolute poverty…not enough to secure life’s necessities.  Relative poverty…comparing the bottom with other levels of income.  Poverty Threshold…a measure of income level at which people are considered poor.  49.7 million Americans live below the poverty threshold.  16%  Americans are experiencing downward mobility.

20  About 47% of the poor are white.  However, the poverty rate for whites is 7.5 %  The poverty rate for African Americans and Latinos is 23%.  African Americans and Latinos account for 25% of the population but make up 50% of the poor population.

21  Female head of households  Nearly half of poor households are headed by females.  On average, women earn about $.72 for every dollar earned by men.  Known as the feminization of poverty.  Children  Poverty rate for children under 6 is 22%...the highest for any age group in the US

22  Elderly  About 9% over 65 live in poverty  Due to a fixed income  Disabled  Make up 12% of the poor.

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24 Education All Races White African American Hispanic No diploma21.815.734.826.7 High School Graduate 11.99.422.015.4 Some college8.57.011.510.6 College degree (or more) 4.33.77.17.5

25 AgeAllWhite African American Hispanic Under 1817.810.533.628.9 18–2418.114.528.122.6 25-4411.27.820.218.4 45-648.87.016.814.4 65 and above9.87.523.918.7

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27  Global poverty is linked to the level of development in a nation.  Industrialization brings a higher standard of living.  Also believed that development increases life chances  However, development may breakdown traditional norms and values.

28  Modernization Theory…belief that modernization can lead to a higher standard of living, economic movement and sustainability.  Dependency Theory…belief that global poverty can be blamed somewhat by the exploitation of high income nations.  Poorer nations are reliant on wealthier nations and cannot break out of the cycle.

29  World Systems Theory…suggest that “core” nations dominate the world economy and other nations may move slightly depending on resource development.  Truly global system held together by economic ties.  New International Division of Labor Theory…suggests that with the age of globalization, highly industrialized societies are dependent on less developed societies for cheap labor.

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