2. 1 America becomes a world power: imperialism

3. 2 PRODUCED BY HMS HISTORICAL MEDIA AND http://www.multimedialearning.org http://www.multimedialearning.org WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN COPYRIGHT 2004 CONTACT INFORMATION: hsarnoff@lausd.k12.ca.us drb7270@lausd.k12.ca.us VERSION 1.1

4. 3 TRADITIONAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY WAS ISOLATIONIST “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world” PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1796

5. 4 “Manifest destiny” extended beyond the borders of the United States

6. 5 The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony (control) over other nations. DEFINITION OF IMPERIALISM The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

7. 6 REASONS AND RATIONALIZATIONS FOR IMPERIALISM To gain more power in the international arena by following the European example Missionary zeal (enthusiasm) To gain more wealth

8. 7 Which countries were the most powerful in the early 20 th century based on this map alone?

9. 8 Great Britain, a major world power, served as a role model of an imperialist power

10. 9 Missionary zeal, the desire to convert “heathen, non-believers” led to people moving to “uncivilized” areas in hopes of helping natives

11. 10 The wealthy are the strong and therefore have the right to rule the poor who are weak. The United States, as a strong nation, must dominate the weaker nations. SOCIAL DARWINISM  philosopher Herbert Spencer who developed the theory of social Darwinism

12. 11 How is the burden portrayed?

13. 12 The United States became an imperialist power to gain more wealth. YearImportsExports 1870$300 Million$350 Million 1875$900 Million$800 Million 1880$1.22 Billion$1.0 Billion 1889$900 Million$800 Million 1892$1.2 Billion$1.42 Billion 18991.3 Billion1.35 Billion 19031.7 Billion1.8 Billion 19141.6 Billion2.8 Billion THE UNITED STATES NEEDED NEW MARKETS TO EXPORT THE SURPLUS PRODUCTS OF ITS FARMS AND FACTORIES

14. 13 America’s first attempt at imperialism took place in Samoa In 1889, 1 British, 3 German, 3 american ships faced off Wanted naval bases Typhoon destroyed all but the british ship In 1890, Samoa surrendered to us (Eastern Samoa) & Germany (western samoa)

15. 14 Missionaries from the U.S. went to Hawaii in the late 18 th century After the spanish american war, US interested because near china & had rich soil Already christian missionaries there American businessmen & planters rose up against hawaiian king in 1886 New constitution written in 1887, pearl harbor rights given to us, then king died daughter Queen Liliuokalani protected hawaii from brief british takeover before us annexationists forced queen to give up land rather than shed blood Officially annexed in 1898; not a state until 1959

16. 15 Monroe doctrine: in 1823, president monroe vowed that the us would not interfere with european colonies in Latin America, but Europe should stay out of independent latin american countries

17. 16 SANFORD DOLE Became president of the republic of Hawaii after the queen was overthrown. Hawaii was annexed as part of the u.s. in 1898; became a state 1959

18. 17 Dethroned “The cause of Hawaii and independence is larger and dearer than the life of any man connected with it. Love of country is deep-seated in the breast of every Hawaiian, whatever his station.” - Queen Lili`uokalani, 1894 “Hawaii is ours. As I look back upon the first steps in this miserable business, and as I contemplate the means used to complete the outrage, I am ashamed of the whole affair.” - (former) President Cleveland, 1898

19. 18 PROBLEMS BETWEEN CUBA AND THEIR SPANISH RULERS DOMINATE AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AT THE END OF THE 19 TH CENTURY CUBA

20. 19 HEARST PULITZER American press called spanish general putting down cuban revolt “the Butcher” Articles increased american public support for actions on behalf of cubans

21. 20 ALL THAT WAS NEEDED TO START A WAR WAS A SPARK AND THIS CAME ON FEBRUARY 15TH, 1898, IN HAVANA HARBOR. USS MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR President mckinley wanted to stay neutral, as a civil war veteran himself Unclear that ship was actually destroyed by spain (think: Gulf of Tonkin)

22. 21

23. 22 Yellow journalists were quick to blame the Spanish

24. 23 US GATLING GUNS: AN EARLY TYPE OF MACHINE GUN

25. 24 THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE “ROUGH RIDERS” IN CUBA

26. 25

27. 26 The Battle of San Juan Hill in Santiago, Cuba US troops led by lt. col. Teddy roosevelt led cavalry “Rough riders” unit up hill without horses

28. 27 Teller Amendment, 1898 -adopted by US Congress during the war Resolved, First. That the people of the Island of Cuba are, of right ought to be, free and independent. Second. the Government of Spain at once relinquish its authority and government in the Island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. Third. The United States may use military force to enforce the resolutions. Fourth. The United States has all authority over the island until the people of the island prove fit to form self-rule.

29. 28 US FORCES CONQUER THE PHILIPPINES Less than 2 weeks after congress declared war on spain in cuba, us navy commander dewey attacked city of manila with native support & succeeded in less than 4 months US then debated over annexation until it was annexed in 1899; they did not receive independence until 1946

30. 29 US DESTROYS THE SPANISH FLEET AT MANILA BAY

31. 30 ADMIRAL DEWEY, HERO OF THE NAVAL BATTLE OF MANILA BAY

32. 31 ONE RESULT OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR WAS A RECONCILIATION BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH HELPING END THE LEGACY OF BITTERNESS SINCE THE CIVIL WAR

33. 32 US OCCUPIES TWO MORE SPANISH COLONIAL POSSESSIONS Both ceded to us after spanish american war in 1898 Both had hoped for independence Neither are us states

34. 33 THE US BECOMES AN IMPERIAL POWER HAWAII: 1898 MIDWAY ISLAND: 1867 WAKE ISLAND: 1898 GUAM: 1898 SAMOA ISLAND: 1899 PHILIPPINES: 1898 PUERTO RICO: 1898 Cuba: 1898 occupation; 1902 platt amendment gives us rights to intervene, gives us base @ guantanamo bay, limits cuban treaty ability What is happening in this cartoon?

35. 34 FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN CHINA TAKES CENTER STAGE AT THE END OF THE 19 TH CENTURY RUSSIA 1896- 1898 BRITAIN 1898 GERMANY 1898 BRITAIN 1842 China resisted foreign influence for decades, but after losing territory in a war with japan, european influence increased US responded with open door policy which called for all nations having equal access to china

36. 35

37. 36 THE CHINESE PEOPLE REACT TO IMPERIALISM BOXER REBELLION, 1900 BOXER SOLDIER Boxer rebel Chinese secret society launched a rebellion in 1900 against foreigners Ultimately an international force rescued the foreigners China had to pay foreign nations $333 million

38. 37 Boxer troops entered the foreign held Peking (Beijing)

39. 38 An international force retaliated and seized control of Peking

40. 39 OPEN DOOR POLICY

41. 40 JAPAN ENTERS THE WORLD STAGE AS AN INDUSTRIAL/IMPERIALIST POWER Japan defeated russia in war in 1905 T. roosevelt negotiated peace & got the nobel peace prize

42. 41 To show the naval power of the United States, in 1907 President Teddy Roosevelt sent the great white fleet of ships around the world on a 46,000 mile cruise.

43. 42 TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S FOREIGN POLICY

44. 43 US INTERESTS TURNED TOWARD CENTRAL AMERICA AND A QUICKER WAY OF MOVING SHIPS BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA 15,000 MILES US sought to cut travel time between seas; land route slow; trade with china US & Great britain had old plans to construct canal France started it but ran out of $ US negotiated with columbia which governed panama; columbia never ratified treaty US encouraged panamanian revolt for independence so US could negotiate canal treaty with panama

45. 44 ADVANTAGE OF AN ISTHMIAN CANAL 8,000 miles

46. 45 PANAMA, A PROVINCE OF COLOMBIA, WAS CHOSEN FOR THE SITE OF THE PROPOSED CANAL

47. 46 Construction of the canal

48. 47

49. 48 1914 Opening of the Panama Canal

50. 49 Panama canal today

51. 50 IN 1917, THE UNITED STATES BOUGHT THE VIRGIN ISLANDS: FOR A COALING (REFUELING) STATION FOR MERCHANT AND WAR SHIPS.

52. 51

53. 52 President Theodore Roosevelt Big stick diplomacy Roosevelt corollary: Latin American debts will be paid to europe by US in order to limit European interference in latin america

54. 53 Dollar diplomacy President William Howard Taft

55. 54 President Woodrow Wilson Moral diplomacy However, President Wilson sent marines to several caribbean countries to put down rebellion and limit foreign influence

56. 55 IMPERIALISM IN THE 19 TH AND EARLY 20 TH CENTURIES

57. 56

58. 57

59. 58 PACIFIC ISLANDS “UP FOR GRABS”