1. Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral cortex Substantia Nigra (Dopamine) Output through the globus pallidus to Thalamus to the motor cortex Brain stem Striatum

2. Basal Ganglia Parkinson’s Disease : Degeneration of DA neurons in Substantia Nigra  Basal Ganglia. Slow movement Difficulty producing movement Tremor Treatment: L-DOPA Neurosurgery Neurostimulation

3. Parkinson’sNormal

4. Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen GP: Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral cortex SN: Substantia Nigra (Dopamine) Output through the globus pallidus to Thalamus to the motor cortex Brain stem Striatum

5. motor

6. Hypothalamus Homeosthasis Controls the hormonal system (autonomic nervous system) Four F’s: Feeding; Fighting; Fleeting; Mating טמפרטורה לחץ דם מטבוליזם מחזור יום-לילה מחזור חודשי

7. Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla

8. Midbrain Tectum (Dorsal) Tegmentum (Ventral)

9. Midbrain Tectum (Dorsal) Tegmentum (Ventral) Tectum (Dorsal): Superior Colliculus (visual sys) Inferior Colliculus (auditory sys)

10. Auditory pathway

11. Tegmentum

12. Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla

13. Brain Stem Pons: Reticular formation: arousal/sleep Cranial nerves Fibers to cerebellum Medulla: Respiration Cardiovascular system

14. Cerebellum part of the motor system Balance Movement timing Coordination

15. Brain Stem  spinal cord Midbrain Pons Medulla

16. Spinal Cord Grey matter (butterfly) = cell bodies White matter – ascending and descending tracts

17. Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon  Central Nervous System (CNS)  Brain (in the skull)  Spinal Cord (in the spine)  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  Located outside of the skull and spine  Serves to bring information into the CNS and carry signals out of the CNS

18. Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Nerves – body (spinal cord) Cranial Nerves – head & neck (brain)

19. Spinal Nerves Body reflexes

21. Unipolar neuron – soma in the dorsal root ganglion Multipolar neuron – soma in the spinal cord Spinal Nerves Dorsal: Sensory input AFFERENT Ventral: Motor output EFFERENT

22. Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon Cranial Nerves Head and Neck

23. Cranial Nerves Head and Neck

24. Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Peripheral Nervous system Input to and output from CNS

25. Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous Sys – skeletal muscles – voluntary – soma of motor neuron in CNS Autonomic Nervous Sys – smooth muscles – Involuntary – soma of motor neuron in PNS (ganglion)

26. Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic (crisis) "fight or flight” Thoracic & lumbar Parasympathetic “rest & digest" Cranial and Sacral

27. Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon  Central Nervous System (CNS)  Brain (in the skull)  Spinal Cord (in the spine)  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  Located outside of the skull and spine  Serves to bring information into the CNS and carry signals out of the CNS