1. 1 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Carrier Ethernet: The Next Generation Network and Service Delivery Technology 24 April 2008 Converged Services Carrier Ethernet Ralph Santitoro Director of Carrier Ethernet Solutions Ralph@Marcom-Services.net Carrier Days

2. 2 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved About Turin Networks A leading global provider of Carrier Ethernet solutions For wireline and wireless network operators Turin’s iConnect solutions address the real-world challenges of network operators To increase network efficiency and capacity To facilitate migration to Carrier Ethernet networks Solutions deployed by more than 600 customers worldwide including: Top five wireless network operators in U.S. 11 of the top 17 broadband Internet providers Headquartered in Petaluma, California R&D facilities in Boulder, Dallas, Boston, and Shanghai Sales offices throughout the world. www.TurinNetworks.com

3. 3 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Contents Network Segmentation Fundamental Ethernet service components Ethernet services and Ethernet access to IP services Comparison between Ethernet L2 VPNs and IP VPNs Why Ethernet L2 VPNs, EPL and EP-LAN services? Ethernet/IP service delivery over PDH access networks

4. 4 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Network Segmentation IP Service Networks Access Networks Active FiberActive Fiber PONPON HFC (Cable)HFC (Cable) PDH (E1/E3)PDH (E1/E3) DSLDSL RAN (Wireless)RAN (Wireless) Access Networks All Layer 1 technologies. Technologies well defined and deployed IP Service Networks “Application/Service-aware” part of the network. Technologies well defined and deployed. All IP/MPLS Metro/Aggregation Network What networking technology should be used? Carrier Ethernet Voice Internet IPTV VoD IP VPN Metro Edge / Aggregation Network ? Networking Technologies have been defined to solve specific issues Transport/Transmission Organization Services Organization

5. 5 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Fundamental Ethernet Service Components UNI (User-to-Network Interface) Physical interface/demarcation between service provider and subscriber Service start/end point NNI (Network-to-Network Interface) Demarcation/peering point Between service providers (E-NNI) Between service provider internal networks (I-NNI) Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) Logical representation of an Ethernet service Defined by association of 2 or more UNIs E-NNI I-NNI Access/Aggregation Network E-NNI Metro Transport / Core Network Access/Aggregation Network UNI EVC Ethernet service components are independent of the Access or Transport Network technology used to delivery the service

6. 6 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Example of Ethernet Service Delivery over Different Access/Transport Technologies PDH Access/Aggregation Network UNI 1 : PDH access network bonds 5 E1s for 10Mbps EoPDH E-NNI: 1Gbps Ethernet over Fiber (802.1ad / QinQ) MPLS Transport Network 802.1ad frames mapped to MPLS transport network I-NNI: 1Gbps Ethernet over Fiber (802.1ad / QinQ) Fiber Access Network UNI 2 : 10Mbps Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) E-NNI 10Mbps EVC I-NNI PDH (E1/T1) Access Network Provider E-NNI MPLS Transport Network Fiber Access Network UNI 2 PDH Access Network EoPDH: 5 bonded E1sEoPDH: 5 bonded E1s Fiber Access Network Ethernet over Fiber (EoF)Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) MPLS Transport Network Ethernet over MPLSEthernet over MPLS Ethernet Service Provider UNI 1 Subscriber is unaware of the various access and transport network technologies used to deliver this 10Mbps Ethernet Service

7. 7 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison of Ethernet Connectivity Services and Ethernet Access to IP Services Ethernet Connectivity Services Multi-site E-LAN Ethernet Private LAN Transparent LAN Service (L2 VPN) VPLS (L2 VPN) Site-to-Site E-Line Ethernet Private Line Ethernet Virtual Private Line (L2 VPN) E-Line E-LAN Internet VoIP E-Line Ethernet Access to IP Services Provide Layer 2 connectivity to IP Service Networks Ethernet access to Internet Ethernet access to Managed VoIP service Ethernet Connectivity Service: Layer 2 Service End-to-End Ethernet Access to IP Service: Layer 2 access to IP Service

8. 8 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Technical Comparison of Ethernet L2 VPN and IP VPN Services in Access Network Ethernet L2 VPN Service UNIUNI EVC (service) identified via VLAN IDEVC (service) identified via VLAN ID CoS identified via PCPCoS identified via PCP Forwarding on MAC or VLAN IDForwarding on MAC or VLAN ID IP VPN Service PortPort Service identified via IP addressService identified via IP address CoS identified via DSCPCoS identified via DSCP Forwarding on IP AddressForwarding on IP Address Service Attribute Ethernet Service IP Service Customer HandoffEthernet UNIEthernet port (or PDH circuit) Service IdentificationVLAN ID / EVCIP Address CoS IdentificationPCP (or DSCP/ToS mapped to PCP)DSCP/ToS Packet/Frame Routing/Forwarding MAC Address (E-LAN) VLAN ID (E-Line) IP Address Fault Management Link Trace, Continuity Check (L2 Ping), Loopbacks Traceroute, ICMP Ping Performance Management Frame Delay, Frame Delay Variation, Frame Loss Ratio, Service Availability Packet Delay, Packet Delay Variation, Packet Loss Service Provider Fundamental difference between Ethernet and IP Services is the information used to identify, forward and process service frames

9. 9 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Why Ethernet L2 VPNs, EPL and EP-LAN services? - Improved Security Enterprises don’t want Carriers to know or route their IP addresses for site-to-site interconnections (VPNs) Ethernet enables Carrier’s network to transport and switch Enterprise IP traffic without interacting with it EPL and EP-LAN services over NG-SDH provides enhanced information security SDH’s circuit channelization coupled with LCAS diverse routes provide a data isolation and data ‘scrambling’ effect Ideally suited for Financial verticals such as stock exchanges, banks and government market sectors Mitigating Carrier Ethernet Security Risks: http://www.turinnetworks.com/html/TechBrief_Ethernet-Security.pdf

10. 10 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Why Carrier Ethernet for Metro/Aggregation Networks ? Metro/Aggregation Network’s Functionality Aggregate, switch and transport traffic from access network to IP service edge networks This capability is ideally suited for Carrier Ethernet Carrier Ethernet provides simpler and lower cost OAM than IP/MPLS Only need to manage 1 layer versus 3 Layers with IP/MPLS All performance and fault management accomplished via a single technology (Ethernet) Ethernet MPLS Ethernet IP Fault Management Performance Management OpEx  OpEx  1 Layer to manage 3 Layers to Manage

11. 11 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converged Ethernet/IP Service Delivery over PDH Access Networks

12. 12 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Delivering Ubiquitous Ethernet Services - The Access Network Challenge Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) access networks The optimal technology for delivery of Ethernet services Unfortunately, not all Enterprise sites have fiber access However, they all have access to copper PDH circuits Fiber (Off net) Fiber (Off net) Fiber (On net) Fiber (On net) Ethernet Service Provider How does a service provider deliver Ethernet services to all Enterprise locations?

13. 13 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved What is Ethernet over PDH (EoPDH)? Technology that enables delivery of Ethernet services over PDH (E1/DS1, E3/DS3) access networks Service Bandwidth Granularity N x 2Mbps (N bonded E1s), N x 1.5Mbps (N bonded DS1s) N x 32Mbps (N bonded E3s), N x 45Mbps (N bonded DS3s) Example:  5 bonded E1s provide a 10Mbps Ethernet service  3 bonded E3s provides ~100Mbps Ethernet service Supports same service attributes as EoF services Ethernet UNI to subscriber Granular bandwidth and QoS per service Fault Management and Performance Management for SLAs PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy): Term to collectively refer to E1/E3 and DS1/DS3 copper access network circuits EoPDH enables a common Ethernet service offering and SLA over both copper and fiber access networks

14. 14 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved How does EoPDH work? Ethernet Frames enter EoPDH CLE and encapsulated into GFP Each C-VLAN ID can be used to identify a different service (EVC) Access network multiplexes E1s/E3s into STM-n circuits E1s/E3s in STM-n circuits terminated on EoPDH Aggregator GFP terminated, Ethernet frames reconstructed EoPDH Aggregator adds S-VLAN tag (QinQ) and passes Ethernet Service Frames to Ethernet Transport Network or IP Service Network Preserves enterprise subscriber’s C-VLAN ID Copper PDH Access Network EoPDH CLE Ethernet Frame at UNIETH IP S-VLAN Tagged Ethernet Frame (EVC)ETH IP Enterprise Subscriber Ethernet Transport or IP Service Network Channelized STM-n IP ETH GFP Bonded E1s/E3s IP ETH GFP EoPDHAggregator Copper PDH Access Network

15. 15 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ethernet L2 Services and Ethernet Access to IP Services over E1s PDH circuits: PMO CE Ethernet over E1s Ethernet handoff to customer Customer Premise Ethernet Ethernet over E1s or E1s in STM-n L2 switch PE Router IP Service Edge DCS Ethernet over E1s or E1s in STM-n TDM EoPDH CLE PDH Aggregation Router SDH ADM Local Switching Office (POP) SDH ADM PDH/SDH Access Network TDM PDH circuits from Customer Premise to IP Service Edge

16. 16 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved FMO Step 1 in Transport Network Evolution to Carrier Ethernet CE Ethernet over E1s Ethernet handoff to customer Customer Premise Ethernet over E1s or E1s in STMn Local Switching Office (POP) SDH EoPDH CLE Ethernet L2 switch PE Router IP Service Edge DCS Ethernet over E1s or E1s in STM-n PDH Aggregation Router Ethernet over SDH Carrier Ethernet EoPDH aggregator terminates PDH/SDH circuits and provides Ethernet to backhaul network resulting in improved bandwidth utilization DCS and PDH Aggregation Router eliminated at IP Service Edge since PDH circuits terminated at LSO TDM SDH ADM SDH ADM Ethernet PE Router IP Service Edge L2 switch PDH/SDH Access Network Ethernet EoPDHAggregator

17. 17 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ethernet FMO Step 2 in Transport Network Evolution to Carrier Ethernet CE Ethernet over E1s Ethernet handoff to customer Customer Premise Ethernet over E1s or E1s in STMn Local Switching Office (POP) EoPDH CLE Carrier Ethernet SDH ADMs / Transport replaced by Ethernet Transport Shortest possible Ethernet over E1 (PDH) loops CLE at customer premise enables converged Ethernet and IP services TDM Ethernet PE Router IP Service Edge L2 switch SDH Ethernet over SDH SDH ADM SDH ADM Ethernet ManagedCLE Converged Services Ethernet L2 VPNs EVPL and E-LAN Ethernet access to Internet Ethernet access to VoIP PDH/SDH Access Network Local switching of locally attached subscribers reduces backhaul bandwidth EoPDHAggregator

18. 18 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ethernet over PDH Benefits Simplifies Enterprise subscriber’s WAN connectivity Provides “IT friendly” Ethernet (UNI) instead of E1 TDM circuit Simplifies Provider’s Access/Aggregation Network Reduces backhaul bandwidth requirements By terminating TDM PDH circuits as close to subscriber as possible Through statistical multiplexing and local switching EoPDH enables ubiquitous, global Ethernet services for off-net subscribers

19. 19 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Summary Ethernet Services can be: Private Line Replacement (EPL) Private LAN (EP-LAN) Layer 2 Connectivity Service (E-Line or E-LAN L2 VPN) Layer 2 access connection to an IP Service (Internet, VoIP, etc.) Carrier Ethernet is the best technology to use in the metro/aggregation network Because this part of the network need not be “IP aware” Because it is simpler and lower cost than using IP/MPLS Carrier Ethernet and IP/MPLS can both have their place in the network Each plays a different role in the different parts of the network Carrier Ethernet enables the delivery of the broadest range of services while providing the lowest cost metro aggregation network infrastructure

20. 20 © Copyright 2008 Turin Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved Recommended Reading Metro Ethernet Services – A Technical Overview http://www.metroethernetforum.org/PDF_Documents/metro-ethernet- services.pdf Delivering Global Ethernet Services http://www.turinnetworks.com/html/TechBrief_Global-Ethernet.pdf Mitigating Carrier Ethernet Security Risks http://www.turinnetworks.com/html/TechBrief_Ethernet-Security.pdf Leveraging GMPLS to deliver end-to-end Ethernet services http://www.turinnetworks.com/html/TechBrief_Leveraging_GMPLS.pdf “Carrier Ethernet Deployment Faces Challenges, Opportunities” http://lw.pennnet.com/display_article/308790/13/ARTCL/none/none/Carri er-Ethernet-deployment-faces-challenges,-opportunities/