1. Mr. Marsh Columbus North High School

2.  Where rivers played a major role in the development of Mesopotamia and other River Valley Civilizations the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea developed the City-States of Greece

3.  Mountains and Valleys  Greece is apart of the Balkan Peninsula  Mountains divide the peninsula into many isolated valleys  The Seas  Hundreds of bays create safe harbor for ships  Seas allowed for trade and communication with other civilizations

4. A. offering vast, open plains subject to invasion. B. encouraging unity among the city-states. C. providing good harbors and bays that encouraged trade. D. encouraging farming but limiting foreign trade.

5.  Polis-City plane developed by the Greeks  City was built on two levels  Top Level stood the acropolis  Temple dedicated to the City-States god or goddess  Second Level stood the market place, public buildings houses

6. A. the Greek empire B. the Greek nation C. the state called Greater Greece D. independent city-states

8.  Early Greek city-states were lead by a monarchy  Ruled by king or Queen  As nobles became more powerful the monarchies left and the development or an aristocracy came into play  Rule by the landowning elite  With the creation of a middle class we saw the development of a oligarchy  Power in the hands of a small, powerful elite typically the business class

9.  By 650 B.C. iron weapons replaced bronze  Iron was cheaper and stronger then bronze  More people could afford weapons which in turn meant more people could be apart of the city-states army  Creation of the Phalanx  Massive military formation

11.  Ares-Greek god of War  People of Sparta were Dorian's  Found in Peloponnesian  Slaves that were prisoners of war and state-owned were known as Helots  Helots far outnumbered citizens of Sparta so strict control and a brutal punishment system existed

12.  Government  Sparta was governed by a monarchy of two kings and a council of elders  An assembly was made up of citizens  Citizens were native-born males over the age of 30

13.  Sparta was a Military State  Sick children were left to die  At age seven boys began to train and they moved into military barracks  At age 20 they could marry but could not move out of the military barracks until the age of 30

14.  Girls were expected to exercise and strengthen their bodies  Strong women made strong boys which made a strong military  Women had to obey their fathers and or husbands  Women could inherit property as well as run family estates because of men being off at war

15.  Located in Attica, just north of Peloponnesus  During the years of Athens aristocracy wealth and power grew  As aristocracies became to powerful discontent spread across Athens which lead to a democracy

16. A. a democracy B. an aristocracy. C. a monarchy. D. a tyranny.

17.  Appointed archon (AHR kahn) or chief official in 594 BC  Outlawed slavery for debt  Opened high offices to more citizens  Granted citizenship to foreigners  Economic Reform  Encouraged trade

18.  Tyrants-people who gained power through force  Tyrants often gained power by granting aid to the merchant class  Tyrant meant person in power does not mean ruler

19.  Pisistratus (ps SIHS truh tuhs) seized power in 546 BC  Took land from the nobles and gave to the poor  Created government building projects which gave poor people jobs  Cleisthens (KLIS thuh neez)  Created a council of 500  First legislature  Law making body  All males over the age of 30 were members of the assembly

20.  Male citizens could participate in congress  Boys attended school (if the families could afford it)  Studied to become great public speakers  Music, poetry, reading, writing, and arithmetic

21.  Well to-do women lived in seclusion  Wove, cared for their children and prepared food  Poorer women worked outside the home tending sheep and working as spinners, weavers and potters

22.  Even though each city-state was independent the Greeks shared a common culture  Spoke the same language  Same ancient heroes  Common festivals  Same gods and goddess