1. The Rise of Greek City-States
Section 4-2 pp

2. Geography Shapes Greece
Greece has rugged terrain
Greece is part of the Balkan Peninsula
Adriatic Sea
Ionian Sea
Aegean Sea
Greek city-states were isolated by mountains or water
The seas connected Greece to the outside world.
Peloponnesus

3. II. Governing the City-States
Polis: Greek City-State
Acropolis
High point of the city
Temples located here
Lower City
Marketplace
Theater
Homes

4. II. Governing the City-States
Citizen: Free residents of a town or city
Not all citizens were equal
Male landowners held the most power

5. II. Governing the City-States
Monarchy: A government in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power.
Aristocracy: Rule by a hereditary landholding elite.
Oligarchy: Rule by a small group of the wealthy elite.

6. III. Sparta: A Warrior Society
Government
Ruled by two kings
Citizen assembly approved decisions
Daily work ran by ephors
Military Society
Needed to control helots
Trained from birth
Used phalanx formation

7. III. Sparta: A Warrior Society
Women in Sparta
Trained to bear and raise healthy soldiers
Patriarchal society, could inherit property
Isolation
Avoided trade and travel
Didn’t value arts or literature

8. IV. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy
Government
Evolved from an aristocracy into a democracy
Solon: made the government more democratic

9. IV. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy
Pisistratus: Tyrant who weakened the aristocracy by giving more power to the poor
Cleisthenes: Created the Council of 500
Legislature composed of 500 citizens chosen by lot

10. IV. Athens Evolves Into A Democracy
Athens had a limited democracy
Only landholding males were citizens
Didn’t include slaves, women, or merchants
Women in Athens
Most important participation was in religious life
Received little or no formal education

11. IV. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy
Education
Reserved for wealthy males
Studied reading, writing, poetry, music, public speaking

12. V. Forces for Unity Shared culture helped unite Greek city-states
Language
History
Religion
Polytheistic
Gods lived on Mt. Olympus and led by Zeus
Honored with temples, festivals, and sacrifices