1. Section Two: The Greek City-States

2. Section 2 Objectives
Define city-state & tell how the city-state of Sparta & Athens differed

3. I. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
By 750 B.C., the polis (city-state) became the central focus of Greek life
It was a town, city or village serving as a center where people met for political, economic, social & religious activities

4. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
The main gathering place was usually on a hill, topped with a fortified area called the *acropolis
Below was the agora, an open area for people to assemble & for a market

5. Acropolis

6. Acropolis
Agora

7. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Athens was the largest city-state
Polis was a community of people who shared an identity & goals

8. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Three classes: 1. citizens with political rights (adult males) 2. citizens without political rights (women & children) 3. noncitizens (slaves & resident aliens)

9. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Responsibilities accompanied rights
Loyalty made the city-states fiercely patriotic & distrustful of one another
Helped bring Greece to ruin

10. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Military system based on hoplites
Infantry who carried shield, sword & spear
The fought shoulder to shoulder in a *phalanx formation

11. phalanx formation

12. Spartan Hoplite Phalanx

13. 750 & 550 B.C. many Greeks settled distant lands Trade & good farmland
II. Greek Colonies
750 & 550 B.C. many Greeks settled distant lands
Trade & good farmland
Cities of Hellespont, Bosporus & Byzantium

15. Exports: Pottery, wine & olive oil Imports: lumber, grain & slaves
Greek Colonies
Exports: Pottery, wine & olive oil
Imports: lumber, grain & slaves
New wealthy class of merchants

16. III. Tyranny in the City-states
New wealth led to the rise of tyrants
Greek tyrants were rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats
Oppressive rules
Aristocrats oppressed them, peasants supported them

17. Tyranny in the City-states
Seized & kept power by using hired soldiers
Built new walls & temples
Fall out of favor by the 6th century B.C.

18. Government in the City-states
*Democracy – ruled by the many
Other city-states remained committed to government by an *oligarchy, rule by the few
Athens & Sparta

19. IV. Sparta
Greek city-state
Gained land through conquest of neighbors
Captured people were known as helots
These serfs worked for the Spartans

20. A military State
800 & 600 B.C.
Rigidly controlled & disciplined
Entered the military at 20 & lived in the barracks until 30

22. A military State
Stayed in the army until 60
Women & men lived apart
Women expected to remain fit to bear & raise healthy children
Men expected to be brave in battle, to win or be killed

23. B. Government of Sparta The Spartan government was an oligarchy
Ephors – were elected each year & were responsible for the education of youth & the conduct of all citizens
2 kings & 28 men made up the government
Did not debate, but only voted

24. Government of Sparta
Closed itself off from the outside world
Travelers & travel discouraged
Frowned upon new ideas & the arts

25. A king ruled early Athens
V. Athens
A king ruled early Athens
By 7th century B.C., oligarchy of aristocrats
Economic & political troubles

26. Reformist Solon appointed leader in 594 B.C.
Athens
Reformist Solon appointed leader in 594 B.C.
Canceled debts, but did not give land to the poor
Led to tyranny

27. Athens
Appointed the reformer Cleisthenes in 508 B.C.
Created a new council of five hundred
Proposed new laws & supervise the treasury & foreign affairs

28. Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free & open debate
Athens
Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free & open debate
*Reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation for Athenian democracy

29. Acropolis

30. Early Acropolis

31. Chapter Objectives
Describe the roles of the Persian & Peloponnesian wars in Greek history
List the cultural contributions of the Greeks to Western civilization
Explain how Alexander the Great created his empire