1. After the river valley era, a number of _______________developed in the Mediterranean and in Asia Classic cultures created high levels of achievement in ____, _____, & ________ that impacted future ages The first major classical civilization was ancient _______

2. Impact of Geography on Greece: EXTRA SLIDE NEXT>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3. Impact of Geography on Greece: The Land Rugged mountains covered about three- fourths of ancient Greece. The mountain chains ran mainly from northwest to southeast along the Balkan Peninsula. Mountains divided the land into a number of different regions. This significantly influenced Greek political life. Instead of a single government, the Greeks developed small, independent communities within each little valley and its surrounding mountains. Most Greeks gave their loyalty to these local communities.

4. Impact of Geography on Greece: (OWN WORDS) _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

5. Greece’s lack of _____________& location on the Mediterranean Sea encouraged Greek _________ with neighboring societies

6. Mountains covered about ___% of Greece which divided the people & made unifying the Greek people nearly impossible

7. The Greeks developed independent city-states, called _____, within each valley & its surrounding mountains

8. Greek Culture ■ Despite their lack of unity, the Greeks shared some common characteristics: – Greeks shared the same ____________ – Greek writing was influenced by the Phoenician alphabet & became the basis for _____

9. Greeks were polytheistic & believed that the gods were immortal but had human qualities; Religion became the basis for Greek _________ Zeus Zeus _____ of the gods Athena Athena Goddess of _____ Aphrodite Goddess of _____ Apollo God of ____& ___ Aphrodite Apollo Ares Ares God of _____ Hades God of _____ Hades Hera Hera Goddess of _____ Poseidon Poseidon God of the _____

10. Most Greek city-states had an agora that was the center for trade & government City-states had an ________, a temple on a hill dedicated to a sacred god

11. Despite similar language & religion, the Greek polis were very different from each other, especially how they were governed Differences Among Greek City-States

12. Some polis had a _________, a gov’t ruled by a king

13. Differences Among Greek City-States Some polis had an __________, a gov’t ruled by elite nobles Practiced in Corinth

14. Differences Among Greek City-States Some polis like Sparta had an _________, a gov’t ruled by a small group of citizens

15. Differences Among Greek City-States Some polis like Athens had a _____________, a gov’t ruled by citizens who vote on decisions

16. The Greek city-states _______ & ________represented the differences among polis ■ Athenian society focused on wealth & culture: – Athens had a direct democracy in which both rich & poor citizens could vote & hold public office

17. Athenian society focused on wealth & culture Architects built the _________ to honor the goddess Athena

18. Athenian society focused on wealth & culture Artists created realistic sculptures Theater had both comedies & tragedies

19. Athenian society focused on wealth & culture Philosophers Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle questioned assumptions & the use of logic to find answers to questions

20. The Greek city-states Athens & Sparta represented the differences among polis ■ Spartan society focused on military strength, not freedom & learning – Spartan men served in the military until 60 years old – Boys began military training at age 7 – Women ran family estates while men trained or fought

21. Spartans showed their strength during the Persian Wars

22. ______&_______competed for influence in Greece & developed a strong rivalry that eventually led to the Peloponnesian War Sparta defeated Athens, but the war weakened the Greeks

23. Closure Activity ■ Where would you rather live: Athens or Sparta? Why?