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What is Psychology? The SCIENCE that seeks to answer how and why we think, feel, and act the way we do 1.

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Presentation on theme: "What is Psychology? The SCIENCE that seeks to answer how and why we think, feel, and act the way we do 1."— Presentation transcript:

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2 What is Psychology? The SCIENCE that seeks to answer how and why we think, feel, and act the way we do 1

3 What is Psychology NOT? The study of psychology does not give us “the purpose of life.” It does not replace faith and morals. 2

4 “Pre-Science” Psychology 400-350 B.C. Plato: Character & intelligence are largely inherited; certain ideas are inborn. Aristotle: Everything of the mind comes 1 st from the external world 3

5 “Pre-Science” Psychology Early 1600s Rene Descartes: “Cogito ergo sum” Some ideas are inborn “Dualism” Father of modern philosophy 4

6 “Pre-Science” Psychology Late 1600s John Locke Rejected the notion of inborn ideas Proponent of “tabula rasa” 5

7 “Pre-Science” Psychology Late 1600s Thomas Hobbes Human behavior is directed by self-interest Psychological “hedonism” 6

8 “Pre-Science” Psychology Late 1700s Franz Mesmer “Animal magnetism” Precursor of hypnosis 7

9 “Pre-Science” Psychology Early 1800s Francis Gall “Phrenology” 8

10 Phrenology 9

11 The Birth of the Science of Psychology Late 1800s Wilhelm Wundt Father of Experimental Psychology University of Leipzig 10

12 Early “Schools” of Psychology “Structuralism” vs. “Functionalism” 11

13 “Structuralism” Wundt & his graduate student, Titchener Titchener, late 1800s, lab at Cornell Idea: engage people in introspection; have them report their sensations/feelings Learn about “structural” elements of the mind 12

14 “Functionalism” William James, late 1800s How do our mental and behavioral processes enable us to survive, adapt and flourish? Heavily influenced by Darwin, 1859 1 st psychology textbook: Principles of Psychology 13

15 A “Taste” of Psychology History” What would the structuralists ask? What would the functionalists ask? 14

16 “Functionalism” G. Stanley Hall, late 1800s Graduate student of William James Focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory First President of the American Psychological Association (APA) 15

17 “Early Sexist Views!” Mary Culkins, James’ graduate student 1890, Harvard denied her a Ph.D. 1 st female president of APA in 1905 Pioneering memory researcher 16

18 First Female to Get a Ph.D in Psychology Margaret Washburn Ph.D. advisor was Titchener (Structuralism) “The Animal Mind” 2 nd female president of APA in 1921 17

19 Is It the Same or Different? Weber and Fechner 2-point sensory threshhold “just-noticeable-difference” 18

20 I Wonder What Happens if…? Pierre Flourens (mid 1800s) Used lesion (ablation) method 19

21 Broca’s Aphasia Paul Broca (mid 1800s) Studied individuals who had strokes 20

22 Cookie Theft Picture Broca's Aphasia 21

23 Operationalization Ebbinghaus (late 1800s) First to study mental processes in a measurable way Non-sense syllables: CAZ, KIB, BLE Pioneer of memory studies Established a “forgetting curve” 22

24 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? Ivan Pavlov, early 1900s Pioneered the study of learning Classical conditioning 23

25 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? E. L. Thorndike, mid 1900s Law of Effect Cats in Puzzle Boxes 24

26 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? Freud, Adler & Jung Pioneered the psychoanalytic movement 25

27 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner and Edward Tolman “Behavioral” school of psychology 26

28 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? John B. Watson The Little Albert Experiment 27

29 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? Wolfgang Kohler “Gestalt” psychology "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts" 28

30 Illustration of the Gestalt Theory 29

31 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? Jean Piaget 4 Stages of Childhood Development 30

32 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow “Humanistic” school of psychology 31

33 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? Karen Horney One of the first female psychiatrists “Neo-Freudian” Essay: The Problem of Feminine Masochism Feminist movement would not have occurred without her! 32

34 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? Alfred Bandura Social Learning Theory The Bobo Doll Experiment 33

35 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? “Cognitive Neuropsychology” Interdisciplinary study of how brain activity is linked to perception, thinking, memory and language (cognition) 34

36 How did Psychology Develop from 1920s to Present Day? “Behavioral Genetics” The scientific study of the interrelationship of genetic mechanisms and behavior, both human and animal 35

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