2. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter 5 Greek Civilization Chapter 5 Greek Civilization

3. Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Culture of Ancient GreeceThe Culture ofAncient Greece Section 2 Greek Philosophy and HistoryGreek Philosophyand History Section 3 Alexander the Great Section 4 The Spread of Greek CultureAlexander the GreatThe Spread ofGreek Culture Reading Review Chapter Assessment Greek Civilization Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

4. Click the speaker button to play the audio. Greek Civilization

5. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Mythology The Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses. The Greeks believed the 12 most important gods lived on Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece.  (pages 155–156) Greek myths were stories about gods and heroes. The Culture of Ancient Greece

6. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Poetry and Fables Greek poems and stories are the oldest in the Western world and serve as models for European and American poems and stories.  (pages 157–158) An epic is a long poem about heroic deeds.  The first great epics were the Iliad and the Odyssey, written by a poet named Homer. The Culture of Ancient Greece

7. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Poetry and Fables (cont.) The Iliad is about a battle for the city of Troy.  The Odyssey is the story of Odysseus, a Greek hero.  Greeks believed these two epics were real history. The Culture of Ancient Greece (pages 157–158)

8. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Poetry and Fables (cont.) A fable is a short tale that teaches a lesson.  Fables were passed from person to person by oral tradition. A slave named Aesop wrote many fables.  The Culture of Ancient Greece (pages 157–158)

9. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Art and Architecture (cont.) The most famous temple is the Parthenon.  Greek architecture included columns, which were first made from wood. The Culture of Ancient Greece (pages 162–163)

10. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Art and Architecture (cont.) Later, the Greeks began using marble.  Many of today’s churches and government buildings have columns.  The Culture of Ancient Greece (pages 162–163)

11. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Pythagoras (puh·THA·guh·ruhs)  Meeting People Socrates (SAH·kruh· TEEZ)  Plato (PLAY· TOH )  Aristotle (AR·uh· STAH ·tuhl)  Thucydides (thoo·SIH·duh· DEEZ ) Greek Philosophy and History

12. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Philosophers Greek thinkers, called philosophers, believed the human mind could understand everything. The word philosophy comes from the Greek word for “love of wisdom.”  (pages 169–171) Greek Philosophy and History

13. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Philosophers (cont.) He developed many ideas about mathematics.  Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher who taught that the universe followed the same laws that governed music and numbers.  Greek Philosophy and History (pages 169–171)

14. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Philosophers (cont.) Leaders did not trust Socrates, and accused him of teaching young Athenians to rebel. Socrates was a philosopher who believed that an absolute truth existed and that all real knowledge was within each person.  Greek Philosophy and History (pages 169–171)

15. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Philosophers (cont.) Socrates was tried and sentenced to death.  Plato was on of Socrates’ best students.  The Socratic method is a form of teaching that uses questions to lead students to discover things for themselves.  In his book the Republic, Plato described the ideal government. Greek Philosophy and History (pages 169–171)

16. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Philosophers (cont.) Aristotle was one of Plato’s students.  Aristotle helped advance science and government. Greek Philosophy and History (pages 169–171)

17. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Greek Historians (page 173) The Greek Thucydides is considered the greatest historian of the ancient world.  He wrote History of the Peloponnesian War. Greek Philosophy and History

18. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas Alexander the Great Phillip II of Macedonia united the Greek states.  Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture throughout southwest Asia.

19. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Macedonia Attacks Greece Macedonia was a powerful kingdom that lay north of Greece.  Philip II needed to unite Greece with Macedonia to defeat the Persian Empire.  After training a vast army, Philip began taking over the Greek city-states. (pages 175–176) Alexander the Great

20. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Macedonia Attacks Greece (cont.) The Macedonians defeated the Greeks at the Battle of Chaeronea.  After this battle, Philip controlled all of Greece. Alexander the Great (pages 175–176)

21. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What led to the Athenians’ defeat? The Greek city-states had been weakened in the Peloponnesian War, and their population had declined. Many farms had been destroyed during the war, and young people had no way to earn a living, so they had left Greece to join the Persian Army. Alexander the Great

22. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Alexander Builds an Empire Alexander began his conquest of the Persian Empire in 334 B.C. with the Battle of Granicus.  Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia after his father, Philip, died.  Alexander’s forces destroyed the Persian forces.  A year later, Alexander defeated the Persian army at Issus and freed the Greek cities in Asia Minor. Alexander the Great (pages 176–179)

23. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Alexander Builds an Empire (cont.) Alexander built the city of Alexandria as the center of business.  He then captured Syria and Egypt.  It became one of the most important cities in the ancient world.  Alexander continued his conquest of the Persian Empire by fighting in modern Pakistan, India, and Iran. Alexander the Great (pages 176–179)

24. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Alexander Builds an Empire (cont.) A legacy is what a person leaves behind when he or she dies.  In 323 B.C., Alexander planned to invade southern Arabia, but he became ill and died.  Alexander’s legacy is his skill and daring.  Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era. Alexander the Great (pages 176–179)

25. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Alexander Builds an Empire (cont.) The lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. A fire in its tall tower guided ships into harbor. Alexander the Great (pages 176–179)

26. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Alexander Builds an Empire (cont.) After Alexander’s death, his generals fought for power, and Alexander’s empire ended.  This was a time when Greek language and ideas spread to non Greek areas of southwest Asia.  Alexander the Great (pages 176–179)

27. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did Alexander show his courage? Alexander rode into battle ahead of his men, and he often risked his own life. He once refused water because there was not enough for all of his soldiers to have a drink. Alexander the Great

28. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Alexander the Great What ended Alexander’s conquest of India? His troops grew tired of fighting and refused to go farther.

29. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Geography Skills How many continents did Alexander’s empire reach? three: Europe, Africa, and Asia Alexander the Great

30. Alexander’s Empire 323 B.C.

33. Alexander the Great’s parents hired Aristotle to be his personal tutor. Aristotle trained Alexander in literature, science, medicine, and philosophy.

34. Greek Civilization Introduction

35. Click the speaker button to play the audio. c. 750 B.C. Homer

36. Click the speaker button to play the audio. Plato c 428–347 B.C. Plato and Aristotle Aristotle 384–322 B.C.