1. In what ways did geography and climate shape Greek life?
ANCIENT GREECE
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
In what ways did geography and climate shape Greek life?

2. UNIT 2 – Early Civilizations
ANCIENT GREECE
UNIT 2 – Early Civilizations
PRE TEST:
1. Among the greatest gifts to western culture from ancient Greece were:
Latin, republican governments, and art
Democracy, philosophy, and engineering
Hieroglyphics, pyramids, and mummification
Arena sports, Christianity, and republican government

3. ANCIENT GREECE
2. In order to vote in Athens and Rome, a person had to be: born of citizen parents, 18 years of age, and;
In the military
Married
A high school graduate
A male

5. ANCIENT GREECE
Greece was not a united country.
It was a collection of separate lands where Greek speaking people lived.

6. Geography
The Sea
The Land

7. Ancient Greece 750 B.C.

8. City- States
A city-state or a polis is a city and its surrounding countryside.
An acropolis – a high city, a meeting place on top of a hill

9. Acropolis – a city on a hill

10. City-States
Geography plays a huge role in the formation of city-states
Mountains divided the lands into many different regions (naturally separated)
Growth of city-states with many different forms of government- monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy

11. Forms of Government
Please open your textbooks to 128 and define the following forms of government in your notes:
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Direct Democracy

12. City-States Sparta Two examples of how different city-states were are:
Athens
Sparta

13. Athens
Democracy- After many reforms (changes) Athenians moved towards a rule by the people considered a limited democracy
Participation based on citizenship.

14. When the people rule… New rules started emerging…
No citizen shall own another citizen (slavery)
Any citizen could charge another citizen with wrongdoings
All citizens could submit laws for debate
Only citizens could vote.

15. What is a citizen? In Athens, a citizen had to be Free Male
Own property
Born in Athens
So, women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from citizenship and had few rights.

16. How is Athenian Government different from modern American Democracy??
Discussion Question…
How is Athenian Government different from modern American Democracy??
VS.
Answer:
In Athens: participation in politics is limited to adult male property owners.
In the U.S. it is open to all . In the U.S. elected representatives, not citizens, govern.

17. Education in Athens (boys)
Sons of wealthy families received formal education
Schooling prepared boys to be good citizens
Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, and music
Received training in logic and public speaking
(to be good debaters in politics)
When boys got older they went to military school to prepare them to defend Athens

18. Education in Athens (girls)
Girls were educated at home
Learned about child-rearing, weaving, preparing meals, managing the household, and how to be good wives and mothers
Few women were able to read and write

19. Athens and Pericles 461-429 B.C.
Pericles is a statesman that led Athens
He was a politician, speaker, and general

20. Pericles’ Three Goals 1. Strengthen democracy
Increased number of public officials to include rich or poor, to serve if elected
This made Athens one of the most democratic governments in history
Direct democracy: citizens rule directly instead of through representative

21. Pericles’ Three Goals 2. Hold and strengthen empire 3. Glorify Athens
Strengthen army
3. Glorify Athens
Beautify city: art, architecture

22. SPARTA Military State (unlike Athens, which had a
Democracy
Spartans were warriors, raised to protect themselves and their country

24. Spartan Government Government divided into branches
Assembly
Spartan citizens (males) and elected officials
Council of Elders
30 older citizens- proposed laws
3. Five elected officials- carried out laws
4. Two kings - ruled over the military
Combination of monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy

25. Spartan Citizens Social Order of Citizenship:
1st- people who are related to original inhabitants
Ruling families who owned land
2nd- non citizens
Were free, worked in commerce and industry
3rd- Helots – a littler better than slaves
Worked in fields, as house servants

26. Spartan Education - boys
Goal- to create a strong warrior
Children are beaten and whipped to make them tough
They were not allowed to cry out in pain
Given very little food
Encouraged to steal food

27. Spartan Education Some grew up to be warriors
Others became secret police.
They would spy on people like slaves
As adults, men did not live with their families
They lived with other soldiers

28. Sparta Education- girls
Spartan women had more freedom than any other Greek city state
Educated to be fighters
Some became warriors

29. “Come back with your shield or on it.”
Spartans only focused on the military
So they did not value art or literature
Life purpose was to serve the military
“Come back with your shield or on it.”

30. Greek Culture And Art

31. ART Greek art – sculptures, architecture, and pottery
Drama & Poetry– invented drama
Expression of Pride
Tribute to the Gods

32. Architecture & Sculpture
Sculptures reflect ideal beauty and reality

33. Venus de Milo
Discobolos – The Disc Thrower
Winged-Victory – Goddess of Nike

34. Philosophy- “Lovers of Wisdom”
Believe that the universe is put together in an orderly way
People can understand this through logic and reason

35. Socrates The Unexamined Life is Not Worth Living
“Question yourself and your moral character”
“What is the right thing to do?”
Questions people about life
“Be as you wish to seem.”
“It is not living that matters, but living rightly.”

36. Plato student of Socrates
In a perfect society all citizens would either be
Farmers and artisans
Warriors
Ruling class
Those who rule should have great insight and intellect

37. Plato
“If a man neglects education, he walks lame to the end of his life.”
“Only the dead have seen the end of the war.”
“Opinion is the medium between knowledge and ignorance”

38. Aristotle student of Plato
Began the use of the scientific method we use today
Questioned nature of the world, human belief, thought
“All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance, nature, compulsions, habit, reason, passion, desire.”
“Good habits formed at youth make all the difference.”

39. Science and Technology
Astronomy
Studied the planets and stars
Circumference of the earth
Size of the sun
Hypothesis about the earth being the center of the universe
New Technology included lever, pulleys and pumps