1. K: Plantae = The Land Plants

2. What is a plant? Multicellular autotroph? With complex tissues?

3. And blue pigment, phycocyanin

4. From green algae - early clues Chlorophylls Carotenoids & other pigments Starch Cellulose

5. Alternation of generation

6. From Charophycean green algae 1. rosette terminal complexes (RTCs) in plasma membrane for making cellulose 2. Special peroxisomal enzymes for toxic oxygen products

7. chlorophytescharophytes/land plants From Charophycean green algae 3. Type of flagellar root base 4. phragmoplasts (for cytokinesis) (4 bundles) microtubules

8. Charophycean algae retain zygote

9. Alternation of generation mitosis

10. Walled spores made in sporangium/ia Gametes made in gametangium/ia Male: antheridium/ia Female: archegonium/ia

11. Apical meristems 33-6 33-7

13. Non-vascular plants

14. Moss life cycle

15. Plants (gametophytes) can be hermaphroditic/bisexual monoecious dioecious Plants (sporophytes) can be homosporous heterosporous

16. Cuticle with flavonoids Rhizoids Air pore Major innovations

17. P: Bryophyta = mosses Sphagnum

18. P: Hepatophyta = liverworts

19. P: Anthocerophyta = hornworts

20. Seedless vascular plants xylem phloem

21. P: Lycopodiophyta

22. stems rhizoids Early vascular plant (fossil): Rhynia

23. First leaves

24. P: Lycopodiophyta Lycopodium = ground pine/cedar homosporous

25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3ChXba3dus

26. Selaginella = spike moss heterosporous

27. heterosporous too

28. P: Pteridophyta = ferns Azolla = mosquito fern

29. Fern life cycle indusium

30. Innovations/ changes

31. “Big” leaves

32. croziers = fiddleheads

34. Horsetails = scouring rushes