1. Chapter 6
Ancient Greece

2. The Rise of Greek Civilization
I. Geographic Setting
A. Peninsula – area of land surrounded by water on three sides

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B. Landforms mostly mountains
1. only small patches of farmland

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C. Was difficult for communities to get together due to geography

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1. Each had its own customs and way of life
2. Much fighting amongst Greeks

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II. Greek Beginnings
A. Had many stories that explained origins of things

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B. Trojan War
1. war between Greece and city of Troy
2. many stories came about

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3. Epic – a long poem that tells a story
a. ex: the Odyssey and the Iliad by Homer

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b. epics taught about gods and heroes

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C. The Dark Ages
1. Lasted from early 1100s B.C. to 750 B.C.
2. Civilization collapsed

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3. Little trade and much poverty
4. Art of writing disappeared

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5. Depended on oral traditions to keep traditions and history alive

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6. Not all bad
a. families resettled where they could grow crops

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b. acropolis – a high, rocky hill on or near which early people built cities

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III. Governing the City-States
A. Cities began to develop

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1. City states – a city with its own traditions and its own government and laws; both a city and a separate independent state

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B. Aristocracy
1. Most city-states ruled by aristocrats
a. a member of a rich and powerful family

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C. A new type of ruler
a. Middle class develops and grows

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b. Replaced rulers with tyrants

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1. Tyrant - A ruler who takes power with the support of the middle and working classes
2. not necessarily cruel or violent

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D. Democracy
1. People overthrew harsh tyrants

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2. Democracy – a form of government in which the people govern themselves

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3. Solon reformed laws
a. known for his fairness

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b. laws reformed economy and government
c. became more democratic

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4. Not all benefited
a. 1 in 5 Athenians were citizens

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b. slaves, women, and foreigners didn’t take part

27. Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Literature
I. The Golden Age
A. Lasted from 479 to 431 B.C.
B. Athens grew rich from trade, mining

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C. Tribute – a payment made by a less powerful state or nation to a more powerful one

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D. Pericles – Athenian leader who contributed to the development of democracy and architecture

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1. from an aristocratic family
2. most powerful man in politics
3. supported democracy

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II. The Flourishing Arts
A. Pericles rebuilt the Acropolis
B. Architecture

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1. Parthenon – a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena

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a. full of action
b. show balance and order
c. lifelike and accurate

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III. Knowledge
A. Belief in gods
B. Immortal – someone or something that lives forever

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gods led by Zeus
2. worshiped many lesser ones

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C. Science and Philosophy
1. Philosopher – someone who uses reason to understand the world

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a. used reason to explain natural events
b. went against religion and teachings of gods

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2. Socrates – One of the greatest philosophers

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a. frightened many - was sentenced to death

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D. Greek Drama
1. Athenians were first to write dramas

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2. tragedy – a serious drama that ends in disaster for the main character

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3. comedy – a type of theater that made fun of citizens, politicians, and traditions

43. Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
Agora – a public market and meeting place in Ancient Greece.

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I. Greek Men
A. Had the rights of citizens such as voting and holding office

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B. Owned property
C. Were given an education

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II. Greek Women
A. Expected to stay at home

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B. Could not take part in politics
C. Could not vote

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D. Could not own property
E. Could be priestesses in religious groups

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F. Ran the home and family
G. Kept track of the family finances

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H. Were responsible for training and caring for slaves

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III. Slaves
A. About 1/3 of the population were slaves

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B. Captured by armies, by pirates, or children of slaves

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C. Were foreigners – Greeks uncomfortable owning other Greeks

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D. Worked on farms, in mines, for artisans, and in the household

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IV. Homes
A. made of mud bricks and had courtyards

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B. Water had to be carried from a public fountain
C. Ate mostly breads and only meat during festivals

57. Athens and Sparta
I. Definitions
A. Blockage - the cutting off of an area by enemy forces that closes it to travel and trade

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B. Plague – a widespread disease
C. Helot – a slave in Sparta

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D. Sparta – a city-state in southern Greece that was dedicated to war
E. Persia – a large empire that tried to conquer Greece but was defeated

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F. Marathon – the site of a famous battle in which the Greeks defeated the Persians
G. Pericles – died from the plague in 429 B.C.

61. Athens and Sparta II. Life in Sparta
A. Put Sparta’s needs first – not your own
B. Harsh and cruel life

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C. Training for war – skilled warriors
D. Sparta lacked beauty and pleasures of Athens

63. Athens and Sparta III. Persian Invasion A. Persians invaded Greece
B. Athenians defeated Persians (Battle of Marathon)

64. Athens and Sparta IV. Athenian Empire
A. Treated other city-states unfairly
B. Used tributes for Athens; not for protection

65. Athens and Sparta C. Sparta and Athens fought (Peloponnesian War)
D. Athens struck by plague

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E. Sparta staged blockade
F. Athens defeated

67. The Spread of Greek Culture
I. Definitions
A. Assassinate – to murder for political reasons

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B. Barbarian – a person considered to be wild and uncivilized
C. Alexandria – learning capital of the Greek world; had the largest library

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D. Hellenistic – describing Greek culture after the death of Alexander the Great; includes the 3 main kingdoms formed by the breakup of Alexander’s empire

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E. Alexander the Great
– son of King Philip
- conquered Persia and Egypt and invaded India
- spread Hellenism

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F. King Philip
King of Macedonia
Seized power in 359 B.C.
Conquered the Greek city-states

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Archimedes - used levers and pulleys to life heavy objects

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Euclid - developed geometry

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Erastosthenes - calculated the distance around the earth