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Chapter 6 Ancient Greece
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
I. Geographic Setting A. Peninsula – area of land surrounded by water on three sides
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
B. Landforms mostly mountains 1. only small patches of farmland
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
C. Was difficult for communities to get together due to geography
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
1. Each had its own customs and way of life 2. Much fighting amongst Greeks
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
II. Greek Beginnings A. Had many stories that explained origins of things
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
B. Trojan War 1. war between Greece and city of Troy 2. many stories came about
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
3. Epic – a long poem that tells a story a. ex: the Odyssey and the Iliad by Homer
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
b. epics taught about gods and heroes
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
C. The Dark Ages 1. Lasted from early 1100s B.C. to 750 B.C. 2. Civilization collapsed
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
3. Little trade and much poverty 4. Art of writing disappeared
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
5. Depended on oral traditions to keep traditions and history alive
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
6. Not all bad a. families resettled where they could grow crops
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
b. acropolis – a high, rocky hill on or near which early people built cities
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
III. Governing the City-States A. Cities began to develop
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
1. City states – a city with its own traditions and its own government and laws; both a city and a separate independent state
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
B. Aristocracy 1. Most city-states ruled by aristocrats a. a member of a rich and powerful family
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
C. A new type of ruler a. Middle class develops and grows
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
b. Replaced rulers with tyrants
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
1. Tyrant - A ruler who takes power with the support of the middle and working classes 2. not necessarily cruel or violent
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
D. Democracy 1. People overthrew harsh tyrants
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
2. Democracy – a form of government in which the people govern themselves
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
3. Solon reformed laws a. known for his fairness
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
b. laws reformed economy and government c. became more democratic
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
4. Not all benefited a. 1 in 5 Athenians were citizens
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The Rise of Greek Civilization
b. slaves, women, and foreigners didn’t take part
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Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Literature
I. The Golden Age A. Lasted from 479 to 431 B.C. B. Athens grew rich from trade, mining
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Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Literature
C. Tribute – a payment made by a less powerful state or nation to a more powerful one
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
D. Pericles – Athenian leader who contributed to the development of democracy and architecture
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
1. from an aristocratic family 2. most powerful man in politics 3. supported democracy
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
II. The Flourishing Arts A. Pericles rebuilt the Acropolis B. Architecture
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
1. Parthenon – a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
a. full of action b. show balance and order c. lifelike and accurate
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
III. Knowledge A. Belief in gods B. Immortal – someone or something that lives forever
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
gods led by Zeus 2. worshiped many lesser ones
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
C. Science and Philosophy 1. Philosopher – someone who uses reason to understand the world
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
a. used reason to explain natural events b. went against religion and teachings of gods
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
2. Socrates – One of the greatest philosophers
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
a. frightened many - was sentenced to death
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
D. Greek Drama 1. Athenians were first to write dramas
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
2. tragedy – a serious drama that ends in disaster for the main character
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Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature
3. comedy – a type of theater that made fun of citizens, politicians, and traditions
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
Agora – a public market and meeting place in Ancient Greece.
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
I. Greek Men A. Had the rights of citizens such as voting and holding office
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
B. Owned property C. Were given an education
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
II. Greek Women A. Expected to stay at home
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
B. Could not take part in politics C. Could not vote
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
D. Could not own property E. Could be priestesses in religious groups
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
F. Ran the home and family G. Kept track of the family finances
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
H. Were responsible for training and caring for slaves
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
III. Slaves A. About 1/3 of the population were slaves
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
B. Captured by armies, by pirates, or children of slaves
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
C. Were foreigners – Greeks uncomfortable owning other Greeks
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
D. Worked on farms, in mines, for artisans, and in the household
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
IV. Homes A. made of mud bricks and had courtyards
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Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
B. Water had to be carried from a public fountain C. Ate mostly breads and only meat during festivals
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Athens and Sparta I. Definitions A. Blockage - the cutting off of an area by enemy forces that closes it to travel and trade
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Athens and Sparta B. Plague – a widespread disease C. Helot – a slave in Sparta
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Athens and Sparta D. Sparta – a city-state in southern Greece that was dedicated to war E. Persia – a large empire that tried to conquer Greece but was defeated
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Athens and Sparta F. Marathon – the site of a famous battle in which the Greeks defeated the Persians G. Pericles – died from the plague in 429 B.C.
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Athens and Sparta II. Life in Sparta
A. Put Sparta’s needs first – not your own B. Harsh and cruel life
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Athens and Sparta C. Training for war – skilled warriors D. Sparta lacked beauty and pleasures of Athens
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Athens and Sparta III. Persian Invasion A. Persians invaded Greece
B. Athenians defeated Persians (Battle of Marathon)
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Athens and Sparta IV. Athenian Empire
A. Treated other city-states unfairly B. Used tributes for Athens; not for protection
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Athens and Sparta C. Sparta and Athens fought (Peloponnesian War)
D. Athens struck by plague
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Athens and Sparta E. Sparta staged blockade F. Athens defeated
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The Spread of Greek Culture
I. Definitions A. Assassinate – to murder for political reasons
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The Spread of Greek Culture
B. Barbarian – a person considered to be wild and uncivilized C. Alexandria – learning capital of the Greek world; had the largest library
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The Spread of Greek Culture
D. Hellenistic – describing Greek culture after the death of Alexander the Great; includes the 3 main kingdoms formed by the breakup of Alexander’s empire
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The Spread of Greek Culture
E. Alexander the Great – son of King Philip - conquered Persia and Egypt and invaded India - spread Hellenism
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The Spread of Greek Culture
F. King Philip King of Macedonia Seized power in 359 B.C. Conquered the Greek city-states
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The Spread of Greek Culture
Archimedes - used levers and pulleys to life heavy objects
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The Spread of Greek Culture
Euclid - developed geometry
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The Spread of Greek Culture
Erastosthenes - calculated the distance around the earth
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