1. Chapter 8
Protists and Fungi

2. Protists
Protist- one or many celled organism that lives in moist/wet surroundings.
Eukaryotic cells
Asexual reproduction by cell division or sexual reproduction with meiosis

3. Plant-like Protists Algae- plant like and contain chlorophyll
Diatoms- found in fresh or salt water
Dinoflagellates- have 2 flagellum, or long whip like structures for movement
Euglenoids- have characteristics of plants and animals
Red algae- contain chlorophyll but produce red pigment and can live 200m deep in ocean
Green algae- contain large amounts of chlorophyll
Brown algae- chlorophyll and brown pigment. Found in cool, saltwater environments. Important food for fish
Ex: kelp

4. Animal-like Protists Protozoans- one celled, animal like protists
Ciliates- have cilia to move around.
Flagellates- whip long flagella to move
Pseudopods- move and feed using temporary extensions of cytoplasm

5. Diseases
Protozoans that cause disease can be transmitted by flies or biting insects or found in contaminated water

6. Importance of Algae Produce oxygen during photosynthesis
Are a food source for many organisms

7. Slime Molds
Fungi-like protist that forms delicate, weblike structures on the surface of their food supply
Usually found on decaying logs
Often brightly colored

8. Water Molds and Downy Mildews
Fungi-like protists that lives in water or moist places
Grow as mass of threads over plant or animal;
Some are parasites, decomposers

9. Importance of Fungi-like Protists
Break down dead organisms
Cause diseases in animals/plants
Lesions in fish
Caused the Irish Pot ato Famine during the 1840s

10. Fungi
Many celled
Hyphae- when body of fungus is mass of many celled, thread like tubes
Saprophytes- organisms that obtain food by absorbing dead or decaying tissues of other organisms
Grow best in warm, humid areas

11. Fungi Reproduction
Asexual and sexual reproduction use production of spores
Spore- waterproof reproductive cell that can grow into new organism

12. Classification Classified into 3 groups
Club fungi spores produced in club-shaped structure called basidium
Sac fungi yeast, molds, morels, truffles. Spores produced in a little, sac like structure called ascus
Zygote fungi produce spores in a round spore case called sporangium on tips of upright hyphae

13. Lichens
An organism made of a fungus and either a green algae or cyanobacterium
Relationship where both benefits
Cyanobacterium or algae get moist, protected place to live
Fungus gets food made by green algae or cyanobacterium
Important food source for animals like caribou and musk oxen
Help weather rock to create soil

14. Fungi and Plants
Fungi interact with plant roots to form network of hyphae and roots called mycorrhizae
Fungus helps plants absorb more of certain nutrients from soil, while plant provides food and nutrients to fungi

15. Importance of Fungi Food source (but can be poisonous!)
Used to make cheese
Yeast creates bread, alcohol (remember fermentation!)
Can cause disease that destroys crops or affects humans (athlete's foot, ringworm)
Can produce antibiotics like pencillin
Decompose organic materials and return nutrients to soil.