1. The Greek City-States
4.2

2. Center of Greek Life
Polis – Greek city-state and the center of Greek life
Our word politics comes from polis
Town where people met for political, religious, and social gatherings
Community of people with common identity and common goals
Acropolis – fortified area at the top of a hill used for refuge and religious center
Agora – open area below the acropolis used as a market

3. City-States
Aristotle argued “We must rather regard every citizen as belonging to the state.”
Great loyalty to a city-state
Great distrust of other city-states – led to Greece downfall
Created the hoplites
Heavily armed infantry (foot) soldiers carrying a shield, short sword, and thrusting spear
March into battle in a rectangular formation to create a wall of shield - phalanx

4. Greek Colonies Set out in search of trade and better farmland
New city-states independent from original
Led to increase of trade
Mainland exported pottery, wine and olive oil
Western areas exported grains and metals
Black Sea area exported fish, timber, wheat, metals, and slaves

5. Tyranny Trade led to wealth and wealth led to tyrants
Not necessarily wicked; just took power by force
Most peasants supported because it got them out of debt
Tyrants took power then kept it by hiring soldiers. Built markets, temples, and walls.
Build support for the tyrant
Eventually led to democracy – government by the people
Tyrants couldn’t last but showed many people can be part of government
Also an oligarchy – government by a few

6. Sparta
The art of war was all the mattered – all other art was frowned upon.
Needed land so they conquered neighboring Laconians then Messenia
Turned them into helots – serfs from capture
Created a military state
Rigidly organized and tightly controlled
Ate simple meals all together
Black broth was a piece of pork boiled in animal blood, salt, and vinegar

7. Sparta Men v Women http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEItBM1dc9o
Forced into military at age 20.
Could marry but forced to live in barracks until 30
Could vote at 30 and move home
Must stay in military until 60.
Freedom because they stayed at home without husbands
Must stay fit to bear children
Upheld strict Spartan values of war – taught sons to be brave.

8. Sparta government Oligarchy led by two kings Led men into battles
Ephors – 5 men elected each year
In charge of educating youth and conduct of civilians
Counsel of elders – the 2 kings and 28 male citizens over the age of 60 decided what issues would be brought to general public
Closed off from the rest of the world; did not like visitors and weren’t allowed to travel

9. Athens
Largest polis
At first ruled by king but then became oligarchy of aristocrats
Created an economic crisis and eventually gave up power to Solon – who freed peasants of all debts and tried to redistribute wealth but was unsuccessful
After several years Cleisthenes gained power and laid the groundwork for democracy

10. Assignment Read and answer the questions about Growing up Greek
When finished flip your answer sheet over and draw a line down the page
On one ½ draw what you think life in Sparta would look like on the other ½ draw what you think life in Athens would look like.