1. Describe the evolution of the helmets.

2.  Dark Ages = 300 yrs  Lose the art of writing  No mention in other records (Egyptians)  Arhcaic Period  800-500 B.C. Greek Culture revived  Writing, art, sculpture  Pregnancy of Western Culture

4.  City-States  Two Groups:  Free Men (families)  Slaves (workers)  Citizen Groups  Citizens = born in Athens  Politics, army, officials, jury  Metics = not born in Athens  No property or politics  Slaves  No legal rights  Tyrants lead to Democracy  Rich landowners – strict laws  Solon the Reformer (594 B.C.)  Food for poor  Citizens more involved  Can’t be sold into slavery  508 B.C. – Democracy introduced!

5.  Sparta  Warrior mentality  Everyman must become soldier, from birth  Small population  All citizens in army & vote  Daily Life  Perioikoi – people under Spartan rule  Not citizens, but free to work and trade  Helots – people who resisted, forced to work the land  Athens  Warships  Triremes Ryan Emrick

7.  Alphabet  Adapted Phoenician system  Easier to learn  All modern European alphabets developed from this  Spoken Word Transformed  Professional poets (bards), now can write down  Homer most famous bard  Iliad & Odyssey earliest Greek writing Homer – British Museum – Roman copy of Greek original – 1 st or 2 nd Century A.D.

8.  Persian Empire  Largest in the world  Threatening Greek city states  Horizon of Democracy  Idea/concept of freedom and citizenship threatened at infancy  Greeks understood importance – way of life  1 st Persian Invasion  King Darius I  Battle of Marathon  2 nd Persian Invasion  King Xerxes  Battle of Thermopylae & Salamis