1. PLANTS

2. What Are Plants Multicellular Eukaryotes Cell walls- cellulose
Develop from multicellular embryos
Carry out Photosynthesis using Chlorophyll a and b
Include: trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses, ferns

4. Plant Life Cycle
2 phases-mitosis and meiosis alternate to produce two types of cells
sporophyte -Diploid (2n)- spore producing plant
Gametophyte- Haploid (n)- gamete producing plant
Early plants(mosses/ferns) require water for reprod.
Later plants use seeds
Can be asexual or vegetative

6. What Plants Need To Survive
Sunlight- energy for photosynthesis
Water + Minerals - photosynthesis
Gas Exchange- CO₂ for photosynthesis
Movement of Water/Nutrients- specialized tissue to move from roots to leaves
Xylem
phloem

10. Early Plants
1st plants evolved from – multicellular green algae (protist)
Similarities:
Photosynthesis
Color
Reproductive cycle
Cell walls
Pigments= chlorophyll
DNA sequences

11. First Plants
Mosses

12. Mosses evolve to form vascular plants
Vascular tissue- conduct water/nutrient through plant
Ferns
Cone bearing plants (conifers)
Flowering plants(Angiosperms)

14. Classification of Plants
Based on
Water conducting tissues
Seeds
Flowers

15. Bryophyta Depend on water for reproduction Lack vascular tissue
Use osmosis to draw up water ( few cm)
Low growing
Live in moist/shaded areas
Types: Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts

16. Mosses
Habitat:
areas with water
Poor soils
Harsh environments
Rhizoids-long thin cells, anchor to ground, absorb water

17. Liverworts Reproduce: sexually/asexually
Asexually- Gemmae- multicellular reprod. structures-produced in Gemmae cup

18. Hornworts
Reproductive structure- tiny green horn

19. Ferns/Relatives Seedless vascular plants Equisetum
Club mosses- Lycophyta
Horsetails-Equisetum
Ferns-pterophyta
Depend on water for reprod.
Equisetum
Lycophyta

20. Ferns
Rhizomes-underground stems
Fronds- leaves

21. Seed Plants Gymnosperms- seeds directly on surface
Conifers and ancient palm like plants
Angiosperms- flowering plants- bear seeds within layers of tissue

22. Reproduction- no water
Adaptations:
Flowers/cones
Pollen
Protection of embryos in seeds

23. Cones/flowers- Gametophytes grow and mature in structures

24. Pollen- male gametophyte carried into female reprod. Structure by
wind
animal
insects

25. Seed- embryo of plant encased in protective covering surrounded by food supply
Seed coat- surrounds/protects contents
Prevent drying out

26. Specialized structure for dispersal
Textured to stick
Fleshy tissue to be eaten
Wind dispersal

27. Gymnosperms “Naked Seed” Gnetophytes- Africa Cycads- palm-like
Ginkgoes-1 species left
Conifers

28. Ecology of Conifers
Developed needle shaped leaves with waxy coat to reduce the amount of moisture lost

29. Angiosperms “Enclosed seed”
Unique reproductive structures known as flowers
Attract bees, moths, hummingbirds for transport of pollen
Contain ovaries- surround and protect seeds-Ovary develops into fruit
Fruit-wall of tissue surrounding seed
Organisms eat fruit – spread seeds

30. Monocots/Dicots
Fibrous roots
Dicots
Taproot

31. Woody/Herbaceous Plants
Woody-thick cell walls for support
Trees, shrubs, vines
Herbaceous-smooth, non-woody
Dandelions, zinnias, petunias

32. Annuals/Biennials/Perennials
Life spans
Annuals- live one year
Biennials- complete life cycle in 2 years
Perennials- live for many years

33. Venus Fly Trap Video