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Unit 3 Chapters (6-9)
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Peninsula-Oracle- Epic-Philosopher- Acropolis-Tragedy- City-State-Athens- Aristocrat-Agora- Tyrant-Vendor- Democracy-Slavery- Tribute-Sparta- Immortal-Helots-
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Peloponnesian War Plague- Blockade-Barbarian- Assassinate-Alexander TG- Hellenistic-Republic- Patrician-Plebian- Consul-Veto- Dictator-Province- Colosseum-Aqueduct- Polytheism-Arch-
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Census-Villa- Circus-Gladiator- Jesus-Messiah- Disciple-Epistle- Martyr-Constantine- Mercenary-Inflation-
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Objectives- 1 Understand how Greece’s geographic setting influenced the development of the civilization 2 Examine Early Greek History 3 Examine the development of Democracy
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Geography Mountains Peninsulas Made travel and community partnership hard Only 20% of the land was farmable Origins Arose on and off the mainland Minoans Mycenaeans Wars Government Development of City States Democracy Aristocracy Nobility
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Geography Origins Government
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Greece is made up of Peninsula’s, or areas of land surrounded by water on 3 sides Because of the mnts. Only about 20% of Greece is farmable What would you do then if you couldn’t farm for survival?
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Early Greeks evolved on and off mainland Greece Two most prominent ancient groups: Minoans and Mycenaeans Greek life was about evolving, trading, communication and spreading language and new ideas
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3000-1100 B.C. Bronze age people Lived on the Island of Crete (Med. Sea) Developed wide spread and successful sea trade
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Took over around 1400 B.C. Blended mainland Greece and Island cultures into one Spoke an early form of modern Greek Gained power not only through trade, but through conquest (battles)
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Myth of a war between Greece and Troy Greeks tricked the Trojans with a fake horse The story was written into an Epic, a long story telling poem The two epics involving the Trojan War are the Iliad and the Odyssey
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Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
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Greek civilization took a turn for the worse Their society collapsed and the focus changed What was the focus of Greek society? What did it change to?
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City states developed all over Greece, why? City-States were run by Aristocrats New type of ruler is created, a Tyrant The advent of Democracy Strict Rules- Who can participate in our(USA) democracy? Who could participate in Grecian democracy?
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Pg. 175 (1- A/B) (3- A)
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Golden Age of Athens: 479-431 B.C. Trade Tribute Mining
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12 Olympians Temples Gods were immortal Zeus ( king of gods) Mythical heroes (Achilles) City States had their own Honor Zeus by competing every four years Birth of what?
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Oracles (shrines where the gods spoke)
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Philosophers Socrates Plato (Socrates student (academy) Aristotle (Plato’s student (Lyceum)
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The Parthenon
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Built on the Athenian Acropolis Commissioned by Pericles Built for Athena (goddess of Athens)
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Dramas- Greek plays Tragedy- a Greek drama usually ending in disaster for the main character Comedy- Greek play used to make fun of well-known citizens (typically politicians)
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City-states shared the same languages and customs All referred to themselves as “Hellenes” The Olympic Games were an example of the common culture
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The spread of culture- King Philip of Macedonia Macedonians (thought themselves Greeks, Greeks thought Macedonians were barbarians) Barbarians- wild, uncivilized people
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After conquering Greece, Philip wanted Persia. He was assassinated before he could do so. Alexander took over and avenged his fathers death Within 11 years he had conquered Persia, Egypt, land beyond the Indus into India. He earned the title “Alexander the Great” The last battle…(Achilles was his hero)
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Alexander’s empire was split into 3 One commander for each region (Greece/Macedonia) (Egypt) (Persia) They fought for 300 years over the land Alexander conquered Time after Alexander was called Hellenistic period
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Center for learning Huge libraries Math and Science Geometry created Archimedes creates pulley systems and levers.
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Objectives: Geography of early Rome Understand the formation of a Republic
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Romulus and Remus (sons of a princess and Mars the god of war) Jealous King wanted them drowned Saved by a wolf Raised by a shepherd Grew up and killed the king and built a city called Rome
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City built between hills for protection Soil was fertile (different from Greece how?) Tiber River City was in the middle of Italy..a peninsula in the Mediterranean sea Why is this significant? Romans highly valued loyalty and justice
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Ruled Romans with absolute power (Romans were upset about this why?) Romans over threw the Etruscan King Yet adopted Etruscan ideas Togas Greek alphabet Etruscan gods
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Wanted govt. that didn’t rely on a ruler Govt. run by the people for the people Roman Senate (our legislative branch) Patrician vs Plebian Consuls (executive branch)(veto power) Dictator-
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Roman took control of Carthaginians in Africa and in Spain, they also conquered Gaul (France) and moved into take over Greece DECLINE- Military leaders formed their own groups and slowly began to control the cities and murder each other. Rome fell apart
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The Rise of Caesar- He was a young leader who had many war victories..helped Rome take over Gaul (France) Took troops back to Rome and became dictator Unlike all other Roman dictators Caesar took power from the senate
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Caesar reorganized the government and basically took total control Senator invited him to a meeting Wife urged him not to go The senators surrounded him and stabbed him 23 times Ides of March
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