1. In the classical era, metallurgy was least developed in
Classical era, Africa and America had an unequal population distribution, most people lived in
A major factor in the collapse of the Maya civilization 9 Century CE
The absence of pastoral societies in America was because they lacked
Language spoken by the groups of people who had spread throughout most of southern and eastern Africa by the classical era?
Here the cities operated without the coercive authority of a state (Africa)
The Maya and Axum were similar in that both
Christianity in Axum - identified with which church?
The decline of Meroë and the rise of Axum were both connected to
Shift of long-distance trade from the
In the classical era, metallurgy was least developed in

2. Animals capable of
domestication
Long-term drought
Eurasia
written language
Niger Valley civilization
Bantu
America
Nile Valley to the Red Sea
Coptic Church in Egypt

3. Bantu settlements in Africa had this as a commonality / North America east of the Mississippi lacked?
Civilizations of Africa
Nubians also called
Nubia Center 300BCE – 100 CE
Monarch – sacred – held at least 10 times by women
Rulers buried along with human who were sacrificed
Lion god Apedemek
1,000 years Nubia was a Christian civilization using Greek language
Located on the horn of Africa – south of Nubia near Red Sea
Agriculture society used hoe or digging sticks
50 CE developed in to a state – added by commerce via Red Sea and Indian Ocean
40,000 people – cities but not city states Remains show little sign of despotic power, warfare or inequality among people – resemble early cities of the Indus Valley
First civilizations of America
From central Mexico to northern Central America
Writing – pictograph, phonetic (syllabic element)
Urban centers – Kings and at times queens
Devine rulers – state shamans – could talk with supernatural
Tikal – major city – ruins exist

4. Mesoamerica Kush Common language Meroe Niger River – Jenne-jeno Axum
Coptic or Byzantine
Olmecs and Norte Chico
Mayas
Mesoamerica

5. Contains two giant pyramids – Pyramid of the sun
550 CE population – 100,000 – 200,000 / Largest urban place in the Americas
Contains two giant pyramids – Pyramid of the sun
Collapsed 650 CE mystery
900 BCE settled in Andes
750 BCE a small town 2-3 thousand people – trade to both coasts and Amazon
Deities – jaguars, crocodiles and snakes
100 – 800 CE – Used irrigation – maize, beans and squash – acres of cotton and anchovies Governed by warrior priests – huge pyramids – sun dried bricks Artwork suggest large scale sacrifice
3,000 BCE by 100 CE they have iron making technology
Migration leads to 400 closely related languages
Slow migration with families – gave this area a cultural and linguistic commonality
Bantu population grew and would out number other groups
They brought with them disease – killed many
Iron tools and weapons also gave them an advantage
Batwa or_____ forest specialists – honey, wild game, animal skins and medicinal bark and plants
900 CE included Kivas – used for ceremonies
Belief that mankind emerged from the world below
Local trading – Buffalo hides, copper, turquoise, sea shells, feathers and baskets
North Western New Mexico – CE – 5 major pueblos emerged
Mississippi River valley – CE Hopewell culture
Large burial mounds – some mounds aligned with moon – allowed prediction of eclipse
Elite – used laborers to build huge mounds – they were buried with much wealth

6. Chaco Canyon Moche Chavin Teotihuacan – Valley of Mexico pigmy people
Advantage to Bantu
Bantu speaking people
Mound Builders
Chaco Canyon
Pueblo

7. Here in the Classical Era social organization was shaped by the state
Linked by scholars as a possible factor in the emergence of slavery within the First Civilizations?
reform program following his seizure of the Chinese throne in 8 C.E. included government loans to peasant families
Here in the Classical Era social organization was shaped by the state
During the classical era, slaves comprised more than one-third of the total population
provided a unifying ideology for peasant rebellions in China
Slaveholding was least widespread and least central to the economy of
world’s first and longest lasting professional civil service here
In India who you could marry was determined by what ___ you belonged
“weapons of the weak”

8. China
Wang Mang
domestication
of animals
China
Daoism
Roman Empire
Sabotage
jati
China