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Programs and Research The network rewrites the library Lorcan Dempsey Phineas L. Windsor Lectureship GSLIS, UIUC Feb 23 2007.

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Presentation on theme: "Programs and Research The network rewrites the library Lorcan Dempsey Phineas L. Windsor Lectureship GSLIS, UIUC Feb 23 2007."— Presentation transcript:

1 Programs and Research The network rewrites the library Lorcan Dempsey Phineas L. Windsor Lectureship GSLIS, UIUC Feb 23 2007

2 Programs and Research 2

3 3 Photo: Robin Alston

4 Programs and Research 4 … a hive-like dome … Louis MacNeice

5 Programs and Research 5 Private and social Space and place Collection and catalogue

6 Programs and Research 6 Some environmental factors  Workflow  Attention  Gravitational hubs

7 Programs and Research 7 ~18 months old No FaceBook, MySpace Library?

8 Programs and Research 8 University of Minnesota http://www.lib.umn.edu/about/mellon/KM%20JStor%20Presentation.pps

9 Programs and Research 9 University of Minnesota http://www.lib.umn.edu/about/mellon/KM%20JStor%20Presentation.pps

10 Programs and Research 10 Database > website > workflow Prefabricated (e.g. CMS) Self assembled digital identity Netvibes, onfolio, my yahoo, myspace, RSS aggregator, …

11 Programs and Research 11 Workflow  Then  Users built workflow around the library  Now  The library must build its services around user workflow Get into the flow Disclose into other environments

12 Programs and Research 12 What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it. Herbert Simon

13 Programs and Research 13 Attention  Then  Resources scarce, attention abundant  Now  Attention scarce, resources abundant Competition for attention

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15 Programs and Research 15  Then: vertically integrated around collection  Now: moving apart in network environment Space Expertise Collections Systems and services

16 Programs and Research 16  Place  Space infused with value  How has the value changed over time?  Engagement with resources?  Space  Opportunity costs  Valuable real estate  Growing pressure in many environments  New spaces Place

17 Programs and Research 17  Exhibitions  Access to scarce resources – people, equipment, …  Social and learning encounter Place

18 Programs and Research 18 Collections highlow high stewardship uniqueness Books Journals Newspapers Gov. docs CD, DVD Maps Scores Special collections Rare books Local/Historical newspapers Local history materials Archives & Manuscripts, theses & dissertations Research and learning materials ePrints/tech reports Learning objects Courseware E-portfolios Research data Freely-accessible web resources Open source software Newsgroup archives

19 Programs and Research 19 Collections Ingest into local collections Print collections Storage, digitization, … ERM Knowledge bases Focus of much digital library activity. New behaviors and support for research and learning Digital ‘record’ more important (prospectus, course catalog, student records)

20 Programs and Research 20 Collections  Industrialized practices in upper left quadrant. Elsewhere expensive  More digital everywhere  Collection development: all quadrants?  Rebalancing system focus  ERM/resolver/knowledge base  ILS/catalog  Repository  Digital asset management  Archival perspective (provenance, versions, context, integrity, …)  Situational and relational (rights, …) [Shift of expertise]

21 Programs and Research 21  Workflow  Attention  The website is not the sole focus of a user’s attention  Get into the flow  Engagement  Examples  The catalog: discovery and disclosure  Research and learning support Services & systems

22 Programs and Research 22 Chris Beckett http://www.scholinfo.com/presentations/2006/8/10/the-new-world-order-in-collection-development-the-commercial-perspective.html

23 Programs and Research 23 Discovery: focus on catalog with some related …  Local Discovery Environments  Shared Discovery Environments  Syndicated Discovery Environments  Leveraged Discovery Environments

24 Programs and Research 24 Local Discovery environment  Some (not necessarily aligned) motivations  Make data work harder  Integrate access to locally managed resources  Escape from ILS limitations  NCSU  Rochester  SOLR  Worldcat 2.0  Primo  Encore …

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35 Programs and Research 35 Shared discovery environment  Increase impact  Create gravitational pull  Aggregate demand and supply  Reduce costs

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38 Programs and Research 38 Some comments  Integration of discovery to delivery becoming essential  A move to shared environments seems more likely with increased ability to ‘view’ different levels  Increased gravitational pull: greater use of collections  Growing evidence

39 Programs and Research 39 Syndicated discovery experience  Syndicate data or service or links

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45 Programs and Research 45 Syndicating services  RSS  Portlets  APIs, Protocol-based  Projects  Sakailibrary  … Not as rapid as one might expect?

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49 Programs and Research 49 Some remarks  Syndication of data now common among data providers  Routing issue for non-unique materials  Resolution services  Worldcat and other union catalogs  Libraries exposing licensed content holdings interesting  Google Scholar

50 Programs and Research 50  Service disclosure of growing importance  APIs  Web services  Portlets  HTML fragments – ‘search boxes’  Toolbars  Widgets, extensions, …

51 Programs and Research 51 The Leveraged discovery experience  In some ways the most interesting  Use another discovery service to connect back to your resources  Compare to the situation with article databases and resolvers

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54 Programs and Research 54 Some remarks  Some of these are toy-like now, but indicate a direction  Increased capacity to ‘sense’ structure (microformats) will improve ability.

55 Programs and Research 55  Focus more clearly moving from collection to supporting research, learning and personal development in a network environment?  Developing network services  Supporting research and learning environments (see Minnesota study)  Educational role in relation to scholarly communication, assessment of sources, …  Developing high value social spaces  Separation of information role from local collection? Expertise

56 Programs and Research 56 Web scale Network level Space Expertise Collections Systems and services

57 Programs and Research 57 Network environment  Small: everybody is a publisher  Big: Gravitational hubs are characteristic of the network environment

58 Programs and Research 58 Greg Papadopoulos http://blogs.sun.com/Gregp/date/20061110 The world only needs five computers

59 Programs and Research 59 “Let's see, the Google grid is one. Microsoft's live.com is two. Yahoo!, Amazon.com, eBay, Salesforce.com are three, four, five and six. (Well, that's O(5) ;)) Of course there are many, many more service providers but they will almost all go the way of YouTube; they'll get eaten by one of the majors. And, I'm not placing any wagers that any of these six will be one of the Five Computers (nor that, per the above examples, they are all U.S. West Coast based --- I'll bet at least one, maybe the largest, will be the Great Computer of China).”

60 Programs and Research 60 Long tail information providers Impact? Systemwide efficiences Aggregation of supply Unified discovery Low transaction costs Aggregation of demand

61 Programs and Research 61 Libraries and the long tail dynamic  Aggregate supply?  1.7% of circulations are ILLs  (60% of aggregate G5 collection owned by one library only)  Aggregate demand?  20% of collection accounted for 90% of use  (2 research libraries over ~4 years) Each reader his/her book Each book its reader

62 Programs and Research 62 The Library Long Tail (using holdings as measure of popularity) Note: All statistics are preliminary and subject to change. Final report forthcoming soon. Number of Holdings Items ranked by system-wide popularity “Head” “Long Tail” Head: Top 10% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings) account for 80% of total WorldCat holdings Long Tail: Bottom 90% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings) account for 20% of total WorldCat holdings Figure not drawn to scale; for illustration purposes only

63 Programs and Research 63 ILL and the Long Tail ( FY 2005 OCLC ILL transactions) Note: All statistics are preliminary and subject to change. Final report forthcoming soon. Number of Holdings Items ranked by system-wide popularity ~75% of ILL requests were directed at the “Head” ~25% of ILL requests were directed at the “Long Tail” By comparison, Chris Anderson (The Long Tail, 2006) reports: Amazon: ~ 25% of sales from the “long tail” Netflix: ~ 20% of sales from the “long tail” * Question: are current ILL systems adequately supporting demand for the library long tail?

64 Programs and Research 64 Multilevel approach to …  Collections  Shared offsite storage  Aggregate and analyse digital collections  Institutional repository  Digital storage and preservation  Social and consumer environments  Social networking services: tagging, reviews, recommendations  Virtual reference  D2D  Consolidated discovery  Knowledge base  Resolution - Service routing – fulfilment  Business intelligence  Synthesize and mobilize shared usage data  Recommendation, management decisions  Digitization and offsite storage

65 Programs and Research 65 A new resource sharing …  Uncertainty  The collective collection  Service development  Concentrate expertise and share outputs Share everything … a pattern for more efficiently allocating resources within bigger units

66 Programs and Research 66 Find the right level to …  Collectively strategise  Collectively specify  Collaboratively source  Solutions  Products

67 Programs and Research 67 Space Expertise Collections Systems and services

68 Programs and Research 68 Expertise Collections Systems and services

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