1. Greek Empire 800-146 BC (650 years) Greeks created the City-State, a form of regional government loyal to one major city. Greek city-states made war with each other annually to maintain their independence. The city-state made contributions to Greek society such as the arts, philosophy, literature, science, democratic government, and sports. In what ways was ancient Greece like the society of the United States today?

2. Alexander the Great (334-323 BC) In just over a decade, Greek culture is diffused (spread) throughout the Middle East, Egypt, and to India. The Greek language, philosophy, and ideas o f democratic government take hold in the Eastern Mediterranean. Greek influence in Egypt lasts from323-30 BC, in Syria from 312- 64 BC, and in Macedonia from 350- 146 BC. In just over a decade, Greek culture is diffused (spread) throughout the Middle East, Egypt, and to India. The Greek language, philosophy, and ideas o f democratic government take hold in the Eastern Mediterranean. Greek influence in Egypt lasts from323-30 BC, in Syria from 312- 64 BC, and in Macedonia from 350- 146 BC.

3. Roman Republic 500-27 BC (450 years) Romans assimilated (adopted) ideas of democratic government and laws from Greeks

4. Roman Empire 27 BC-476 AD (500 years) What countries today may have had Roman influence?

5. -Government -Law -Technology -Military strategy -Architecture -Sculpture -Literature -The Arts Roman culture contributed greatly to the development of:

7. Sports Stadiums Then Now

8. Byzantine Empire (330-1453 AD) Even though this empire was centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul in Western Turkey), its European influences continued for many centuries in Southern Europe: Civil codes of law Preservation of art Strengthening of Christianity Even though this empire was centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul in Western Turkey), its European influences continued for many centuries in Southern Europe: Civil codes of law Preservation of art Strengthening of Christianity

9. Islamic and Arab Influence North African Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula (Spain/Portugal) from 711-1492 AD. Left many marks of Islamic language and architecture. Moors Built large empire in place of Byzantines (1300-1914) Influenced Balkan culture for centuries. Ottomans

10. England In a process called SEQUENT OCCUPANCE, the British Isles have been conquered over and over again since ancient times. Finally, in 1066 AD, William the Conqueror came over from Normandy to begin a nation what we know today as Great Britain. In a process called SEQUENT OCCUPANCE, the British Isles have been conquered over and over again since ancient times. Finally, in 1066 AD, William the Conqueror came over from Normandy to begin a nation what we know today as Great Britain.

11. Holy Roman Empire 800-1802 AD Long after the ancient Roman Empire fell, Germanic tribes from Central Europe came to power and joined together under a famous ruler, Charlemagne. It wasn’t long before the empire broke into hundreds of small kingdoms, where they followed a system known simply as FEUDALISM. This lack of centralized government caused the “dark ages” to persist in much of Western Europe, whereas the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires to the East flourished. Long after the ancient Roman Empire fell, Germanic tribes from Central Europe came to power and joined together under a famous ruler, Charlemagne. It wasn’t long before the empire broke into hundreds of small kingdoms, where they followed a system known simply as FEUDALISM. This lack of centralized government caused the “dark ages” to persist in much of Western Europe, whereas the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires to the East flourished.

12. Renaissance 1400-1700 AD Religion Humanism Enlightenment Arts/Education Great works of art were created Universities sprung up all over Europe Politics/Economics People questioned “divine right” of kings New merchant class created from age of exploration

13. Colonialism (1492-1914) With the Age of Exploration, European nations looked for new resources to enrich their national homeland.

14. Spain at height of power

15. Portugal at height of power

16. United Kingdom at height of power

17. European Colonization in 1800

18. European Colonization by 1914 (WWI) To what degree has the world been influenced in recent centuries by European nations?