1. Georgia Constitution weaknesses: 1
Georgia Constitution weaknesses: 1. similar to the Articles of Confederation 2. unicameral legislative branch where legislative branch governed and appointed members of power 3. Georgians had no say in ratifying the original constitution 4. governor had little power 5. John Treutlen -first governor of GA

2. The Articles of Confederation written to free selves from Britain
Powers had
Powers not had
Declare war
Collect taxes
Coin money
No trade regulation
Establish post offices
Unicameral-1 legislation
Send and recall ambassadors
Each state had own currency
State power not fed. power
13 out of 13 to pass laws
1 vote per state no matter population size

3. Constitutional Convention
Met to write the constitution since the AOC was not successful--1787
Could not have military because states would not pay taxes—chance of
attack from Native Americans and Europeans
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, and Benjamin
Franklin, Abraham Baldwin, and William Few were some of the
leaders to write and sign a new constitution
4 Compromises:
1. 3/5 Compromise-how the states counted slaves for population
2. Great Compromise-have a more even vote despite population
(2 senators and legislatures depending upon population)
3. Commerce Clause-taxes and trade would be overseen by the
national gov’t
4. Abolish slavery in the future

4. Role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention
Continue to support slavery so it would not
be abolished and for slaves to account
in the total population
Abraham Baldwin’s last minute vote for
small states to allow for the
Great Compromise

5. Successful politician
Abraham Baldwin
Successful politician
Participated in the Constitutional Convention and signed the Constitution
Creating UGA (Franklin College)
First President of UGA

6. William Few
Signed the US Constitution at the Constitutional Convention, but have few words to share
Judge, Senator, and Representative in GA
Few’s remains were moved to GA in 1976 at the bicentennial

7. UGA First institute in GA for higher learning
Abraham Baldwin chosen by Gov Lyman Hall (signer of the Dec of Ind) to draft a charter
President of the university—Franklin College (Arts and Science)
Many political and business leaders of GA graduated from UGA
Land grant college—free land from federal gov’t to build and grow by selling land they did not intend to use

8. Louisville SALMA-Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and
Atlanta
Named after French King Louis the sixteenth since he
helped in the Revolutionary War
Chosen because it was center to GA population of the time
Trading center goal –located on the Ogeechee River
Capital went Milledgeville next because of a Malaria
outbreak, the difficulty of traveling the river, and
continual growth to Northwest
Set fire to the Yazoo Land Act with a magnifying glass
Why Louisville? Population, movement, and economic growth
from coast

9. Methodist and Baptist Church
John Wesley, founder of Methodist
Second Great Awakening grew the both denominations
Interested the working classes
Slaves converted
Revivals and camp meetings to spread word
Methodist-circuit riders from town to town

10. Land Policies
1. Headright System-acres given to soldiers who fought in Rev. War like Austin Dabney or white heads of households 21 or older offered free land to new settlers to build homes and farms. (200 acres)
2. Yazoo Act-land in Alabama and Mississippi (named after the river in Miss.) sold to land companies
Land companies bribed officials/legislators
James Jackson resigned his seat and came back to GA to take over the GA assembly and cancelled the Yazoo Act
The land was given to the gov’t for 1.25 million dollars along with the promise to relinquish Indian land claims and remove Creek Indians from GA
Yazoo Act is known for the Yazoo Land Fraud
3. Land lottery (8)- submit male name of 21 yrs or older then buy a ticket and spin for a lot from a box in another box spin for a name (war veterans, widows, and head of households with children could also participate.

11. Cotton Gin Positive impact:
Made the economy (increased profit) and population grow
Made slavery expand
The machine sped up the time to deseed
Cotton was used to plant to replace bad soil from tobacco growth
Eli Whitney credit for invention for some
Caused westward expansion for more land
Negative impact:
Caused south to be dependent on 1 crop (boll weevil)

12. Railroad
Technological advance along with the cotton gin for economic growth
1832 Atlanta approved
Businessmen in Athens began the railroad to transport cotton faster
GA top ten in track millage
GA most tracks in south
Western and Atlantic Railroad from Chattanooga to GA
1.Terminus-end of line then
2. Marthasville after the governor Lumpkin’s daughter then
3. Atlanta- feminine name for Atlantic
Atlanta first city to be built away from a river that was not navigable

13. Creek and Cherokee
Removal of Native Americans leading to the Trail of Tears (march from GA to Oklahoma)
Treaty of New York-gave up eastern land
Red Stick War-Indians wanting to fight whites
White Stick War-Indians not wanting to fight
Battle of Horseshoe Bend (AL)-Creek defeated by Andrew Jackson
Treaty of Indian Springs-McIntosh signed away the Indian land in a bribe

14. Alexander McGillivray
Tried to keep Indian land from whites
Signed the Treaty of New York which promised they would not take any more land
Creek leader of the Oconee War between Indians and GA

15. William McIntosh
Decision to sign the Second Treaty of Indian Springs which gave up Creek Land(1825)
McIntosh, along with six other Creek chiefs, agreed to sell the remainder of Creek land in Georgia, without the tribe’s consent, for $200,000.
McIntosh received extra cash for his personal lands in the treaty.
Upon hearing about what they considered to be a bribe, the Creek Nation ruled to execute McIntosh for his actions.
On April 30, 1825, 200 Creek warriors carried out McIntosh’s execution at his home by shooting and stabbing him repeatedly.
The Second Treaty of Indian Springs officially removed the Creek from Georgia’s borders.

16. Sequoyah George Gist Created the Cherokee first written language
Rejected white people completely
The Cherokee language was the basis for the Cherokee Phoenix newspaper and the creation of the Cherokee Constitution

17. John Ross Chief of the Cherokee Nation
Faith in the US government to protect Indian land so he went many times to Washington once to take a petition for stopping Indian removal
Fought removal
Lost his wife on the Trail of Tears

18. Gold Rush America’s first gold rush in Dahlonega, GA
Gold found on Cherokee land forced them out of their land, but they received no gold
Land lottery held of Cherokee land
20 year gold mining in GA-population and economic growth
California gold rush ended GA mining

19. Worcester vs Georgia
Court case that determined the Cherokee nation sovereign and subject to own laws and land
Ga ignored the Supreme Court ruling
Andrew Jackson’s decision to not enforce the decision led to Indian removal from GA
Worcester (missionary) arrested and held in prison, but was pardoned and released
Moved to Oklahoma with Cherokees

20. Andrew Jackson and John Marshall
Andrew Jackson, US President who ignored the Supreme Court decision to let Cherokees keep their land
John Marshall, the Supreme Court judge who sided with the Cherokee and the missionaries for keeping their native lands
Andrew Jackson said, “John Marshall rendered his decision, now let him enforce it.”
meant that the president had to support the Supreme Court for the decision to be upheld.

21. Trail of Tears The US army forces the removal of the Cherokee from GA
Led by General Winfield Scott
Cherokees placed in stockades before they were forced to march in winter to Oklahoma
Over 4000 people died of disease and exposure